Conjunctivitis

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of conjunctivitis is usually made through a physical examination and medical history review.

Tests may include:

• Eye examination: The doctor examines the eye with a light and magnifying instrument to look for inflammation.

• Sample analysis: In severe or chronic cases, a swab of eye discharge may be taken to identify bacteria, viruses, or allergens.

• Allergy testing: If allergic conjunctivitis is suspected, tests may be done to identify specific allergens.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause of conjunctivitis.

1. Viral Conjunctivitis:

• Usually clears up on its own within 1 to 2 weeks.

• Cool compresses and artificial tears help relieve irritation.

• Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes to prevent spreading.

2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

• Treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments prescribed by a doctor.

• Symptoms often improve within a few days of treatment.

3. Allergic Conjunctivitis:

• Managed by avoiding allergens.

• Antihistamine or anti-inflammatory eye drops can reduce symptoms.

4. Irritant Conjunctivitis:

• Caused by exposure to chemicals or irritants.

• Rinse eyes immediately with clean water or saline and avoid further exposure.

Home Remedies and Self-Care

You can ease symptoms and prevent spreading conjunctivitis by following these steps:

• Use clean tissues or cotton pads to wipe discharge.

• Wash hands frequently, especially after touching the eyes.

• Avoid sharing towels, makeup, or eye drops.

• Replace pillowcases and washcloths daily until recovery.

• Avoid wearing contact lenses until symptoms fully resolve.

Complications

Though rare, untreated or severe conjunctivitis can lead to:

• Corneal inflammation (keratitis)

• Vision problems

• Spread of infection to other parts of the eye or body

Prompt treatment helps prevent complications and protects eye health.

Prevention

To reduce your risk of developing or spreading conjunctivitis:

• Practice good hygiene – wash hands often.

• Avoid touching your eyes unnecessarily.

• Disinfect contact lenses properly and avoid overuse.

• Stay home from school or work if you have an active infection.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience:

• Eye pain or blurred vision

• Sensitivity to light

• Severe redness or swelling

• Symptoms that worsen or don’t improve within a week

Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications and protect your vision.