Blood in Urine (Hematuria)

Blood in urine, medically known as hematuria, is a condition in which red blood cells are present in the urine. The urine may appear pink, red, or cola-colored, or the blood may only be detectable under a microscope. Hematuria can be temporary and harmless in some cases, but it may also be a sign of an underlying medical condition affecting the kidneys, bladder, or urinary tract.

Hematuria can occur at any age and should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional, especially if it happens repeatedly or is accompanied by other symptoms.

Symptoms

The main symptom of hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine. Depending on the cause, other symptoms may occur, including:

• Pink, red, or dark-colored urine

• Pain or burning during urination

• Frequent urination

• Lower abdominal or back pain

• Fever or chills if infection is present

• Blood clots in the urine

In some cases, hematuria may not cause any noticeable symptoms other than the change in urine color.

Causes

Hematuria occurs when red blood cells leak into the urine from the urinary tract. This can happen due to a variety of conditions.

Common causes include:

• Urinary tract infections

• Kidney stones or bladder stones

• Enlarged prostate in men

• Kidney disease

• Vigorous exercise

• Injury to the kidneys or urinary tract

• Certain medications

More serious causes may include tumors of the kidney or bladder.

Risk factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing hematuria, including:

• Urinary tract infections

• History of kidney or bladder stones

• Older age

• Family history of kidney disease

• Smoking

• Long-term use of certain medications

• Recent strenuous exercise

Men are more likely to experience hematuria due to prostate-related conditions.

Complications

Hematuria itself is a symptom rather than a disease, but if the underlying cause is not treated, complications may occur, such as:

• Recurrent urinary infections

• Worsening kidney function

• Urinary blockage caused by blood clots

• Progression of serious underlying conditions, including cancer

Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications.

Prevention

Not all causes of hematuria can be prevented, but certain measures may help reduce risk:

• Drinking adequate fluids

• Treating urinary tract infections promptly

• Managing kidney and bladder conditions

• Avoiding smoking

• Using protective gear during activities that may cause injury

Prompt medical evaluation of blood in urine helps ensure timely treatment and better health outcomes.