Diarrhea

Diarrhea is a condition characterized by frequent, loose, or watery stools. It is a common digestive problem that can be acute, persistent, or chronic depending on its duration. Diarrhea can affect people of all ages and is often caused by infections, dietary factors, or underlying medical conditions. While most cases are mild and resolve on their own, severe or prolonged diarrhea may require medical attention.

Symptoms

Symptoms of diarrhea may vary based on the cause and severity:

• Loose, watery stools

• Increased frequency of bowel movements

• Abdominal cramps or pain

• Bloating

• Urgency to pass stool

• Nausea or vomiting

• Fever in infectious cases

• Signs of dehydration such as dry mouth or reduced urination

Causes

Diarrhea occurs due to irritation or infection of the digestive tract:

• Viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections

• Contaminated food or water

• Food intolerances such as lactose intolerance

• Certain medications, including antibiotics

• Digestive disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome

• Inflammatory bowel diseases

• Stress or anxiety affecting gut function

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing diarrhea:

• Poor hygiene or sanitation

• Travel to areas with unsafe water

• Weakened immune system

• Recent antibiotic use

• Consumption of spoiled or undercooked food

• Infants and older adults

Complications

If diarrhea is severe or prolonged, it may lead to:

• Dehydration

• Electrolyte imbalance

• Malnutrition

• Weight loss

• Kidney problems in severe dehydration

• Delayed recovery in children or elderly individuals

Prevention

Preventive measures focus on hygiene and digestive health:

• Washing hands thoroughly before eating and after using the toilet

• Drinking clean, safe water

• Eating properly cooked food

• Avoiding known food triggers

• Practicing safe food storage

• Maintaining good sanitation and hygiene practices