Overview

Functional dyspepsia is a chronic disorder of the upper digestive tract characterized by recurring indigestion symptoms without an identifiable structural or biochemical cause. It affects how the stomach and upper intestines function, leading to discomfort even though routine tests may appear normal. Functional dyspepsia is common and can significantly impact quality of life, but it does not cause permanent damage to the digestive system.

Symptoms

Symptoms of functional dyspepsia may vary in severity and frequency:

  • Upper abdominal pain or burning

  • Feeling uncomfortably full after eating

  • Early satiety, feeling full quickly

  • Bloating or abdominal distension

  • Nausea

  • Belching

Symptoms may worsen after meals or during periods of stress.

Causes

The exact cause of functional dyspepsia is not fully understood. It is thought to involve abnormal stomach motility, heightened sensitivity to stomach stretching, and altered communication between the gut and brain. Contributing factors may include:

  • Delayed stomach emptying

  • Increased sensitivity of stomach nerves

  • Helicobacter pylori infection in some cases

  • Psychological stress or anxiety

These factors can disrupt normal digestive function.

Risk Factors

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing functional dyspepsia include:

  • Chronic stress or anxiety

  • History of gastrointestinal infections

  • Use of certain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

  • Female sex

Lifestyle and psychological factors play an important role.

Complications

Functional dyspepsia does not cause serious physical complications, but it can lead to:

  • Reduced quality of life

  • Poor appetite or unintentional weight loss

  • Anxiety or depression related to chronic symptoms

  • Frequent healthcare visits

Managing symptoms effectively helps minimize these impacts.

Prevention

Functional dyspepsia cannot always be prevented, but symptom flare-ups may be reduced:

  • Eating smaller, more frequent meals

  • Avoiding foods that trigger symptoms

  • Limiting caffeine and alcohol intake

  • Managing stress through relaxation techniques

  • Maintaining regular sleep and eating patterns

Early evaluation and individualized management can help control symptoms and improve daily functioning.

Request an appointment

Advertisement

Advertisement