Adenomyosis

Diagnosis of Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis shares symptoms with other gynecological conditions such as:

• Uterine fibroids: Noncancerous tumors that develop in the uterus.

• Endometriosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus.

• Endometrial polyps: Growths that form in the uterine lining.

Because these conditions overlap, it can be challenging to diagnose adenomyosis accurately. Many people only receive a definite diagnosis after other possibilities are ruled out.

Pelvic Exam

A healthcare professional may check for an enlarged or tender uterus. This can provide early signs pointing toward adenomyosis.

Ultrasound

Transvaginal ultrasound uses a narrow device (transducer) inserted into the vagina. It sends sound waves to create detailed images of the uterus, ovaries, and surrounding pelvic organs. This helps detect possible signs of adenomyosis and rule out other conditions.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

MRI scans provide detailed images of the uterus and can help confirm suspected adenomyosis or reveal other uterine conditions.

Endometrial Biopsy

A biopsy involves taking a small tissue sample from the uterine lining to rule out other serious issues like cancer. However, an endometrial biopsy cannot confirm adenomyosis.

Important: The only way to confirm adenomyosis with certainty is by examining the uterus after a hysterectomy.

Treatment for Adenomyosis

Symptoms of adenomyosis often improve or disappear after menopause. The right treatment depends on your age, symptoms, and how close you are to menopause.

Anti-Inflammatory Medications

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and other anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce menstrual flow and relieve pain. For best results, begin taking them 1 to 2 days before your period starts and continue during your cycle.

Hormone Therapy

Estrogen-progestin birth control pills, patches, or vaginal rings can regulate your periods and reduce heavy bleeding.
Progestin-only options, like an intrauterine device (IUD) or continuous-use pills, may stop your periods (amenorrhea) and offer relief from symptoms.

Hysterectomy

If pain and bleeding are severe and other treatments haven’t worked, a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) may be recommended. Removing the ovaries is not required to treat adenomyosis.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding

• Severe cramps or pelvic pain

• Symptoms that disrupt your daily activities

Early diagnosis and personalized treatment can help manage adenomyosis effectively and improve quality of life.