Anaphylaxis

Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. Diagnosis is often clinical and urgent:

• Medical history: Rapid onset of symptoms after allergen exposure, such as foods, insect stings, medications, or latex.

• Symptoms assessment: Involves skin reactions (hives, flushing), airway constriction, low blood pressure, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

• Emergency recognition: Diagnosis is based on sudden onset, multi-system involvement, and rapid progression.

Treatment of Anaphylaxis

Immediate treatment is critical:

• Epinephrine: First-line treatment, usually via auto-injector (EpiPen, Auvi-Q).

• Supportive care: Oxygen, intravenous fluids, and airway management in severe cases.

• Antihistamines and corticosteroids: Help relieve symptoms but do not replace epinephrine.

• Allergen avoidance: Long-term management involves identifying and avoiding triggers.

Key Takeaways

• Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency requiring immediate epinephrine.

• Recognizing early symptoms is vital for survival.

• Long-term management includes trigger avoidance and emergency action planning.