Atelectasis

Diagnosis

Atelectasis is often detected through a doctor’s examination and a chest X-ray. However, additional tests may be necessary to determine the cause, type, or severity of the condition. These tests include:

CT scan
A CT scan can provide more detailed images than a standard X-ray, helping to identify the cause and type of atelectasis.

Oximetry
A small device clipped onto your finger measures blood oxygen levels. This simple test helps assess how severely your lungs are affected.

Chest ultrasound
Using sound waves, a chest ultrasound creates detailed images of structures inside your chest. It can identify underlying causes such as pneumothorax (air leaking into the space between the lungs and chest wall) or pleural effusion (fluid buildup around the lungs).

Bronchoscopy
During a bronchoscopy, a flexible, lighted tube is inserted down the throat to examine the airways. This test can identify blockages caused by mucus plugs, tumors, or foreign bodies and may also be used to remove these obstructions.

Treatment

The treatment of atelectasis depends on its underlying cause. Mild cases may resolve on their own, while others require medications, physical therapy, or surgery.

Chest physical therapy
Also called chest physiotherapy, these techniques help expand collapsed lung tissue and clear mucus. Techniques may include:

• Incentive spirometry: Deep-breathing exercises using a hand-held device, followed by coughing, to help expand the lungs and remove mucus.

• Positioning: Placing your head lower than your chest to facilitate mucus drainage from the lower lungs.

• Percussion: Tapping on the chest over collapsed areas to loosen mucus. Mechanical devices, such as vibrating vests or hand-held instruments, can also be used.

Surgery and bronchoscopy
Airway blockages may be cleared through bronchoscopy or suctioning. If a tumor is causing atelectasis, treatment may involve removal or reduction of the tumor, potentially including surgery, with chemotherapy or radiation used as needed.

Breathing treatments
Some patients may require additional breathing support:

• CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure): Helps improve oxygen levels for those unable to cough effectively or with low oxygen (hypoxemia) after surgery.

• In severe cases, a breathing tube may be necessary to assist ventilation.