Swollen Knee

Diagnosis

Your healthcare team usually starts with a detailed medical history and a physical examination to evaluate the swollen knee. After that, additional tests may be needed to determine the underlying cause.

Imaging tests can help identify the source of swelling:

• X-ray. Helps rule out broken or dislocated bones and can detect signs of arthritis.

• Ultrasound. Uses sound waves to evaluate tendons, ligaments, and soft tissue around the knee.

• MRI. Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to detect injuries to tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and other soft tissues not visible on X-rays.

Joint aspiration (arthrocentesis) may also be performed:

• A needle is used to remove fluid from the knee joint.

• The fluid is tested for blood, which may indicate injury or bleeding disorders.

• The fluid is checked for bacteria that may cause infection.

• Crystals associated with gout or pseudogout can be identified.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the underlying cause, severity of the swelling, and your overall health.

Therapy:

• Physical therapy exercises can improve knee function, strength, and mobility.

• A knee brace may be recommended in certain cases to provide support.

Surgical and other procedures:

• Arthrocentesis. Removing fluid from the knee can relieve pressure and discomfort. Corticosteroid injections may be administered to reduce inflammation.

• Arthroscopy. A small incision is made to insert a lighted tube called an arthroscope. Specialized tools can remove loose tissue or repair damaged structures within the knee.