Bee Sting

Diagnosis

Healthcare professionals may use one or both of the following tests to diagnose a bee sting allergy:

• Skin test: A small amount of bee venom is injected into the skin of the arm or upper back. A raised bump at the site indicates an allergy.

• Blood test: Measures how the immune system responds to bee venom in the bloodstream.

Doctors may also test for allergies to other stinging insects, including yellow jackets, hornets, and wasps, as their venom can produce similar allergic reactions.

Treatment

Most bee stings cause mild reactions and can be managed at home. However, severe reactions or multiple stings require emergency medical attention.

Emergency Treatment for Severe Allergic Reactions

During anaphylaxis, emergency care may include:

• Epinephrine to reduce the allergic response

• Oxygen therapy to support breathing

• Antihistamines and glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, to reduce airway inflammation

• Beta agonists, such as albuterol, to ease breathing

Epinephrine Autoinjector

For individuals with bee sting allergies, an epinephrine autoinjector (EpiPen, Auvi-Q, others) is prescribed. Key points:

• Always carry the autoinjector and replace it by the expiration date

• Learn proper use and ensure family or close contacts know how to administer it in an emergency

• After using the autoinjector, seek immediate emergency care

Additional precautions include wearing a medical alert bracelet and carrying chewable antihistamines for mild reactions that can be safely swallowed.

Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy)

For people with severe or recurrent reactions, an allergist may recommend immunotherapy (allergy shots). This therapy:

• Involves regular injections of gradually increasing doses of bee venom over several years

• Helps the immune system become less sensitive to bee venom

• Can significantly reduce or eliminate allergic reactions to stings

Summary

Diagnosis of bee sting allergy involves skin or blood testing, and treatment ranges from emergency epinephrine for severe reactions to immunotherapy for long-term protection. Carrying an autoinjector and knowing emergency procedures is crucial for safety.