Bunions

Bunions (Hallux Valgus) – Diagnosis, Symptoms & Treatment

A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of your big toe, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty walking. Early detection and treatment can relieve discomfort and prevent further foot deformities.

Symptoms of a Bunion

Common signs of a bunion include:

• A visible bump on the side of the big toe

• Pain or tenderness around the big toe joint

• Redness or swelling at the joint

• Difficulty wearing shoes comfortably

• Stiffness or restricted movement in the toe

Diagnosis of a Bunion

To diagnose a bunion, a healthcare professional will:

1. Ask about your symptoms and medical history.

2. Examine your foot for visible deformities, tenderness, and restricted movement.

3. X-ray imaging may be ordered to assess the angle of the toe and determine the severity of the bunion, helping plan the most effective treatment.

Early diagnosis can help manage symptoms without the need for surgery.

Treatment for Bunions

Treatment depends on the severity of the bunion and the level of pain. Options range from simple lifestyle changes to surgical procedures.

Non-Surgical Treatments

1. Footwear adjustments

   • Wear roomy, comfortable shoes with a wide toe box to reduce pressure on the bunion.

2. Padding and cushions

   • Non-medicated bunion pads or cushions act as a buffer between your foot and your shoes to reduce pain.

3. Medications

   • Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen can help ease discomfort.

   • Cortisone injections may also reduce inflammation.

4. Shoe inserts (orthotics)

   • Padded or prescription shoe inserts can help distribute pressure evenly and slow bunion progression.

5. Ice therapy

   • Apply ice wrapped in a towel for 15–20 minutes to reduce swelling after being on your feet.

Surgical Treatments

Surgery is usually considered only if non-surgical options fail and the bunion limits daily activities or causes significant pain. Surgical procedures may include:

• Removing swollen tissue around the joint

• Straightening the big toe by removing part of the bone

• Realigning one or more bones in the forefoot to correct the toe angle

• Fusing bones in the affected joint (arthrodesis)

Recovery from bunion surgery can take up to six months, and proper footwear post-surgery is essential to prevent recurrence.

Preventing Future Bunions

• Wear wide, comfortable shoes with adequate toe space.

• Avoid prolonged use of tight or narrow footwear.

• Follow your healthcare provider’s guidance on exercises, orthotics, and post-surgery care.

Early intervention, proper footwear, and treatment can significantly reduce bunion pain and improve mobility.