Drug Addiction (Substance Use Disorder)

Diagnosis

Diagnosing drug addiction (substance use disorder) involves a detailed evaluation and usually includes assessment by a psychiatrist, psychologist, or licensed drug counselor.

• Lab Tests: Blood, urine, or other laboratory tests may be done to detect recent drug use, but these are not diagnostic for addiction. They are mainly used for treatment monitoring and recovery tracking.

• DSM-5 Criteria: Diagnosis is typically based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published by the American Psychiatric Association.

Treatment

While there’s no cure for drug addiction, effective treatments can help individuals overcome dependence and live drug-free. The type of treatment depends on the specific drug used and any co-existing mental or medical conditions. Long-term follow-up is crucial to prevent relapse.

Treatment Programs

Most substance use disorder programs offer:

• Individual, group, or family therapy

• Education on addiction and relapse prevention strategies

• Different levels of care, such as outpatient, inpatient, or residential programs

Withdrawal Therapy (Detox)

The goal of detoxification is to stop drug use safely and quickly.

• Some individuals may undergo outpatient detox, while others require hospitalization.

• Approach varies by drug type — depressants, stimulants, or opioids require different detox methods.

• Medications such as methadone, buprenorphine, or buprenorphine-naloxone may be used for opioid withdrawal.

Opioid Overdose

• In case of an opioid overdose, naloxone (in nasal spray or injectable form) can reverse life-threatening effects temporarily.

• Available under brands like Narcan or Kloxxado.

• Immediate medical attention is necessary after using naloxone.

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

Medications don’t cure addiction but can reduce cravings and prevent relapse. Common medicines include:

• Buprenorphine

• Methadone

• Naltrexone

• Buprenorphine-naloxone combination

Behavior Therapy

Behavioral therapies help modify attitudes and behaviors related to drug use. They may include:

• Coping strategies for cravings

• Relapse prevention planning

• Addressing employment, legal, or relationship issues

• Family counseling for communication and support

• Dual diagnosis treatment for co-occurring mental disorders

Self-Help Groups

Support groups such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA) or other 12-step programs promote recovery and community support.

• Help reduce shame and isolation.

• Encourage long-term accountability and connection.

• Can be found locally or online with the help of a counselor.

Ongoing Treatment

Recovery requires continuous care and monitoring to prevent relapse.

• Includes follow-up counseling, group therapy, and self-help meetings.

• Immediate intervention is advised if relapse occurs.