Overview
Diagnosis
Water deprivation test: In this test, fluid intake is restricted for several hours while measuring changes in body weight, urine output, and urine/blood concentration. Sometimes, a synthetic form of ADH is given to check if the body produces or responds properly to ADH.
Urine test: This test checks whether the urine is too diluted, which can help identify diabetes insipidus.
Blood tests: Blood levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium are checked to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of diabetes insipidus.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI scans help detect problems in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, which may cause central diabetes insipidus.
Genetic testing: If diabetes insipidus runs in the family, genetic testing may be advised to detect hereditary causes.
Treatment
Mild diabetes insipidus: May not require medication—drinking more water is often enough to prevent dehydration.
Central diabetes insipidus:
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Caused by problems in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus (such as tumors).
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Treated with desmopressin (DDAVP, Nocdurna) — a synthetic hormone that replaces ADH and reduces urine output.
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Available as a pill, nasal spray, or injection.
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Dosage may need adjustment to avoid water retention and low sodium levels.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:
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Kidneys do not respond properly to ADH, so desmopressin isn’t effective.
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Managed with a low-salt diet to reduce urine volume.
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Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) may help decrease urine output.
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If caused by medication, discontinuing that medicine (with doctor’s advice) may improve symptoms.
Gestational diabetes insipidus:
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Treated with desmopressin, which is safe and effective during pregnancy.
Primary polydipsia:
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No specific medicine; involves reducing fluid intake.
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If related to a mental health condition, treating that can help ease symptoms.
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