Overview
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a parvovirus infection usually begins with a physical exam. A healthcare professional can often identify the infection based on symptoms, especially a bright red facial rash that resembles a slapped cheek. This symptom is common in children but can occur in adults as well.
People who may be at risk for complications sometimes need blood tests. These tests help determine whether someone already has natural protection from a past parvovirus infection or if a new infection has recently occurred.
If parvovirus infection is diagnosed during pregnancy, the healthcare team may recommend additional testing. Ultrasound imaging and blood tests can monitor the unborn baby’s health. In some cases, the amniotic fluid surrounding the baby may also be tested to check whether the virus has spread to the baby.
Treatment
Treatment for parvovirus infection depends on how severe the symptoms are and whether other health conditions are involved. Many people with no other medical concerns recover with simple rest and home care.
Parvovirus infection may be more serious for certain groups, including:
• Blood conditions such as anemia. Severe anemia may require a blood transfusion in the hospital to restore healthy red blood cell levels.
• Weakened immune systems. People with weakened immunity may need immune globulin therapy. This medicine supports the immune system in clearing the virus.
• Pregnancy. If a pregnant person becomes infected, the virus may affect the unborn baby. The baby may develop anemia and require a blood transfusion. This treatment may be done before birth or shortly afterward.
After recovering from a parvovirus infection, most healthy adults are unlikely to get it again. About half of adults already have natural immunity, likely due to an unnoticed infection during childhood.
If the immune system becomes weakened, the virus may become active again. This can cause symptoms to return or lead to severe anemia. When this occurs, it is called a chronic parvovirus infection.
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