Overview
Diagnosis
To diagnose giardia infection, also called giardiasis, your healthcare professional will usually test a stool sample. Because parasites may not appear in every sample, you may be asked to provide several samples collected over a few days. These samples are then examined in a laboratory to look for signs of Giardia parasites or their cysts.
In some cases, additional tests may be recommended if the infection is hard to detect or symptoms persist. These may include:
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Stool antigen tests to identify Giardia proteins.
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Molecular tests (PCR) to detect Giardia DNA.
Treatment
Many people with giardia infection recover without medical treatment within a few weeks, especially if symptoms are mild. However, medication may be necessary when symptoms are severe or persistent, or if there’s a risk of spreading the infection to others.
Common medicines used to treat giardiasis include:
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Metronidazole: Typically taken three times daily for five days. Possible side effects include stomach upset and a metallic taste in the mouth. Avoid alcohol during treatment.
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Tinidazole: Similar in effectiveness to metronidazole but taken as a single dose. Side effects are similar, including nausea and metallic taste.
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Nitazoxanide: Available in liquid form, making it easier for children to take. Side effects may include stomach discomfort, gas, yellowing of the eyes, and bright yellow urine.
Pregnancy considerations
If you are pregnant, some giardia medications may not be safe for your baby. When symptoms are mild, your healthcare professional may suggest delaying treatment until after the first trimester or later in pregnancy. Always discuss medication options with your healthcare provider before starting treatment.
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