Histoplasmosis

Diagnosis

To determine if histoplasmosis is the cause of your symptoms, your healthcare professional will start with a physical examination and a discussion of your medical history. You’ll be asked about any recent travel or exposure to areas where histoplasmosis is common, such as regions with large populations of birds or bats.

Several diagnostic tests may be recommended to confirm the infection, including:

• Blood or urine tests to detect the presence of the Histoplasma fungus.

• Laboratory tests on saliva or mucus coughed up from the lungs to identify fungal infection.

• Imaging studies such as a chest X-ray or CT scan to look for lung abnormalities.

• A lung tissue biopsy to examine for signs of infection under a microscope.

• Bone marrow tests in cases of severe or disseminated histoplasmosis.

These tests help identify the infection and determine how widespread it is, guiding the most appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment

For mild histoplasmosis, treatment is often unnecessary since symptoms usually improve without medication. However, more severe, chronic, or disseminated forms of the disease require antifungal treatment to prevent complications.

Common antifungal medicines used include:

• Itraconazole for mild to moderate cases.

• Amphotericin B for severe infections or those that spread throughout the body.

Treatment duration varies based on the severity of the infection, often lasting from three months to one year. People with weakened immune systems may need longer or ongoing treatment.

Preparing for your appointment

You may first visit your primary healthcare professional, who might refer you to an infectious disease specialist. Depending on your condition, you could also see a pulmonologist (lung specialist) or a cardiologist (heart specialist).

Before your appointment, it can help to make a list of:

• Your symptoms and when they began.

• Any recent travel or activities in areas with large numbers of birds or bats.

• All medicines, vitamins, or supplements you take, including dosages.

• Questions you want to ask your healthcare professional.

Questions to ask your healthcare professional

• What is likely causing my symptoms?

• How might I have contracted histoplasmosis?

• What tests do I need?

• Will I need treatment, and which medicine do you recommend?

• What are the possible side effects of the treatment?

• How can I best manage my other health conditions during treatment?

• Are there reliable sources or materials where I can learn more?

What to expect from your doctor

During your visit, your healthcare professional may ask questions such as:

• Are your symptoms constant or do they come and go?

• How severe are your symptoms?

• Do you work or spend time outdoors?

• Have you been in areas where birds or bats are common, such as caves or barns?

Your answers will help guide testing and treatment decisions to ensure an accurate diagnosis and effective care plan for histoplasmosis.