Overview
Diagnosis
A torn meniscus is often identified during a physical exam. Your doctor may move your knee and leg into different positions, watch you walk, and ask you to squat to help pinpoint the cause of your symptoms.
Imaging tests may include:
• X-rays. While a torn meniscus is made of cartilage and won’t show on X-rays, they can help rule out other knee problems with similar symptoms
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI uses a strong magnetic field to create detailed images of both hard and soft tissues in your knee, making it the best study to detect a torn meniscus
• Arthroscopy. In some cases, a small device called an arthroscope is inserted through a tiny incision to examine the inside of the knee. The device has a light and camera to display an enlarged image on a monitor. Surgical instruments can also be inserted to trim or repair the tear if necessary
Treatment
Treatment often begins conservatively, depending on the type, size, and location of the tear. Tears associated with arthritis may improve with treatment for arthritis, and many other tears that don’t block knee motion may become less painful over time, avoiding the need for surgery.
Your doctor may recommend:
• Rest. Avoid activities that aggravate knee pain, especially twisting, rotating, or pivoting motions. Severe pain may require crutches to relieve pressure
• Ice. Apply a cold pack, bag of frozen vegetables, or towel filled with ice for about 15 minutes at a time, elevating the knee. Repeat every 4 to 6 hours initially, then as needed
• Medication. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help ease discomfort
Therapy:
Physical therapy can strengthen muscles around the knee and legs, helping stabilize and support the joint
Surgery:
If pain persists despite therapy or if the knee locks, surgery may be recommended. Options include:
• Repairing the torn meniscus, especially in children and younger adults
• Trimming the meniscus if it cannot be repaired, often using an arthroscope through tiny incisions
• Knee replacement for advanced degenerative arthritis
• Meniscus transplant using donor tissue for younger patients with persistent symptoms but no advanced arthritis
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