Overview
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional diagnoses POEMS syndrome by taking a detailed medical history and performing a physical exam. A neurological exam is also conducted to check the function of the nervous system. POEMS syndrome can be difficult to diagnose because it involves multiple organs and complex symptoms.
Tests
Several tests may be performed to confirm a diagnosis:
• Electromyographic studies (EMG). Small needles called electrodes are placed in the skin to measure the electrical activity of muscles at rest and during contraction. This helps assess muscle and nerve function.
• Nerve biopsy. A small piece of nerve is removed and examined under a microscope.
• Imaging tests. CT scans or positron emission tomography (PET) scans can detect bone changes common in POEMS syndrome.
• Blood tests. Tests such as a complete blood count (CBC) provide information about your condition. A peripheral blood smear may also be examined under a microscope.
• Urine tests. A 24-hour urine collection may be analyzed to assess kidney and other organ function.
Treatment
Treatment for POEMS syndrome can help ease symptoms but does not cure the condition. The prognosis has improved significantly over the past decade.
Radiation therapy
• Uses high-energy beams to target affected areas. Often recommended if POEMS syndrome is limited to a small region.
Chemotherapy
• Involves strong medications to treat more advanced cases of POEMS syndrome.
Bone marrow transplant
• Also called stem cell transplant, this procedure introduces healthy bone marrow stem cells to improve bone marrow function. Often considered for advanced disease.
Physical therapy
• Helps manage weakness and other symptoms caused by polyneuropathy, improving mobility and quality of life.
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