Overview
Diagnosis
Polycythemia vera is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and specialized tests.
Blood tests
Blood tests may reveal:
• Higher than normal red blood cell counts, and sometimes elevated white blood cells or platelets
• Increased hematocrit, the proportion of red blood cells in total blood volume
• Elevated hemoglobin, the iron-rich protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
Bone marrow aspiration or biopsy
A bone marrow aspiration or biopsy may be recommended to examine the spongy tissue and liquid portion of the marrow. These procedures are often done together to help confirm the diagnosis.
Gene testing
Analysis of bone marrow or blood samples may detect gene changes associated with polycythemia vera, helping to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
There is no cure for polycythemia vera, but treatment focuses on reducing the risk of complications and easing symptoms.
Blood withdrawals (phlebotomy)
• Regular removal of blood using a needle in a vein helps lower blood volume and reduce excess blood cells.
• The frequency of phlebotomy depends on the severity of the condition.
Treatments to reduce itching
• Antihistamines or ultraviolet light therapy may relieve itching.
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as paroxetine or fluoxetine, have also been shown to help reduce itching.
Medicines to lower red blood cell counts
If phlebotomy is insufficient, medications may be used, including:
• Hydroxyurea
• Interferon alfa-2b
• Ruxolitinib
• Busulfan
Heart and vascular risk management
• Medicines to control high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol may be prescribed.
• Low-dose aspirin can reduce the risk of blood clots and relieve burning pain in the hands or feet.
Treatment is tailored to individual needs, aiming to control symptoms, prevent complications, and maintain overall health.
Advertisement
