Post-Polio Syndrome

Diagnosis

There is no specific test that can confirm post-polio syndrome. Diagnosis is based on a detailed medical history, a physical examination, and the exclusion of other health conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

Doctors typically look for three key indicators when considering a diagnosis of post-polio syndrome. These include a previous diagnosis of polio, which may require reviewing old medical records or gathering information from family members; a long symptom-free interval after recovery, usually at least 15 years; and a gradual onset of new weakness. This weakness tends to occur in muscles affected during the initial polio illness. Many people may feel refreshed upon waking but experience significant fatigue by early afternoon, especially during activities that were once easy.

Because the signs and symptoms are similar to other disorders, healthcare professionals also work to rule out conditions such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and scoliosis.

Tests to Rule Out Other Conditions

Since no test can directly confirm post-polio syndrome, several diagnostic tools may be used to identify or exclude other possible causes of weakness, fatigue or pain.

Electromyography and nerve conduction studies are often recommended. Electromyography measures electrical activity within muscles using a thin-needle electrode inserted into the muscle. Nerve conduction studies involve placing electrodes on the skin to deliver a small electrical impulse and measure how quickly a nerve transmits a signal. These tests help rule out neuropathy or myopathy.

Imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans may be used to examine the brain and spinal cord. These scans help identify or exclude spinal disorders including spondylosis or spinal stenosis, where narrowing of the spinal column can put pressure on nerves.

A muscle biopsy may be performed to look for evidence of other muscle diseases that could be contributing to the symptoms. Blood tests are typically normal in people with post-polio syndrome, so abnormal results may suggest another underlying condition.

Muscle ultrasound is a noninvasive test that shows promise in evaluating the severity and progression of post-polio syndrome by using sound waves to visualize muscle tissue, but additional research is needed.

More Information
CT scan
Electromyography
MRI

Treatment

There is no single treatment that resolves all symptoms of post-polio syndrome. The focus of treatment is to improve comfort, maintain independence and manage the daily challenges associated with fatigue, weakness and pain.

Energy conservation strategies can help reduce fatigue. These may include pacing activities, resting more often and using assistive devices such as canes, walkers, wheelchairs or motor scooters. Home modifications like grab bars or raised toilet seats may also help. Therapists can provide training on breathing techniques that support energy conservation.

Physical therapy may involve exercises designed to strengthen muscles without causing excessive fatigue. Low-impact activities such as swimming or water aerobics are often recommended and are usually performed at a relaxed pace on alternate days. While maintaining fitness is important, it is equally important to avoid overuse that leads to pain or exhaustion.

Speech therapy may be useful for individuals experiencing swallowing difficulties or voice weakness. Techniques and exercises can help improve safety and communication.

Treating sleep disorders can improve overall well-being. This may involve adjusting sleep positions, using airway-supporting devices or managing conditions such as restless legs syndrome to promote better sleep quality.

Medications, including aspirin, acetaminophen and ibuprofen, may help ease joint or muscle pain. Other options may include gabapentin, which is commonly used for nerve-related pain. Long-term opioid medications are generally avoided because of their risks. A personalized treatment plan developed with a healthcare professional offers the best approach to managing symptoms and maintaining quality of life.