Schwannoma

Diagnosis

Schwannoma is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and sometimes a biopsy. These tumors develop from Schwann cells, which cover nerves, and can occur anywhere in the body.

Diagnosis often begins with a healthcare professional evaluating symptoms, such as a painless lump, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area.

Imaging tests may include:

• MRI — Provides detailed images of soft tissues and nerves, helping to locate and determine the size of the tumor.

• CT scan — May be used in certain cases to assess the tumor’s relation to nearby bones or tissues.

• Ultrasound — Can help distinguish a schwannoma from other types of soft tissue masses.

Biopsy
A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. A small tissue sample is removed and examined in a lab to determine if the tumor is benign or malignant.

Treatment

Treatment for schwannoma depends on the size, location, symptoms, and whether the tumor is benign or malignant.

Observation
If the schwannoma is small, not causing symptoms, and appears benign, your healthcare professional may recommend regular monitoring with imaging tests to track growth.

Surgery
Surgical removal is the most common treatment for symptomatic or growing schwannomas. The goal is to remove the tumor while preserving nerve function.

• Microsurgical excision — The surgeon carefully removes the tumor from the nerve using magnification to minimize nerve damage.

• Surgery may carry risks such as temporary or permanent nerve weakness or numbness, depending on the tumor’s location.

Radiation therapy
In rare cases where surgery is not feasible or the tumor is in a difficult-to-reach location, radiation therapy may be used to shrink or control tumor growth.

Follow-up care
After treatment, regular check-ups and imaging may be recommended to ensure the tumor does not recur or cause new symptoms.

Schwannomas are generally slow-growing and benign, and with proper management, the prognosis is usually excellent.