Scleroderma

Diagnosis

Scleroderma can be difficult to diagnose because it affects different parts of the body in various ways.

After a thorough physical exam, your healthcare professional may suggest blood tests to check for elevated levels of certain antibodies produced by the immune system.

Additional tests may include blood work, imaging, or organ function tests to determine whether the digestive system, heart, lungs, or kidneys are affected.

Treatment

There is no cure for scleroderma, and no treatment can stop the overproduction of collagen. However, several approaches can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Medicines
The choice of medicine depends on the specific symptoms. Examples include:

• Dilate blood vessels — Blood pressure medicines may help manage Raynaud’s phenomenon.

• Suppress the immune system — Medicines used after organ transplants may slow the progression of skin thickening or lung damage.

• Reduce digestive symptoms — Acid-reducing pills can relieve heartburn, while antibiotics or medicines that move food through the intestines can reduce bloating, diarrhea, and constipation.

• Prevent infections — Vaccinations, including influenza, pneumonia, shingles, HPV, COVID-19, and RSV, are important for people with scleroderma.

• Relieve pain — If over-the-counter pain relievers are insufficient, prescription medications may be recommended.

Therapies
Physical and occupational therapy can improve strength, mobility, and independence. Hand therapy may help prevent stiffness, also called contractures.

Surgical and other procedures
For severe symptoms that do not respond to conventional treatments, stem cell transplants may be considered. Organ transplants might be an option if the lungs or kidneys are significantly damaged.