Shaken Baby Syndrome

Diagnosis

A child who has been forcefully shaken requires evaluation by multiple medical specialists, including experts in child abuse. The healthcare team examines the child and reviews their medical history to identify injuries and rule out other conditions. Common tests may include:

• Skeletal survey: Multiple X-rays of bones, including arms, hands, legs, feet, spine, ribs, and skull, to identify fractures and determine if they are accidental or intentional. This can also detect previous fractures.

• Eye exam: Evaluates for bleeding and other eye injuries caused by trauma.

• Blood tests: Help rule out metabolic, genetic, and clotting disorders that could mimic shaken baby syndrome.

• MRI scan: Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain and spine, showing bruising, bleeding, and signs of reduced oxygen. Typically performed 2–3 days after injury due to the difficulty of imaging unstable children.

• CT scan: Provides cross-sectional images to detect urgent brain injuries and may include abdominal scans to identify other injuries.

Children with severe injuries may require monitoring in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Treatment

Emergency treatment focuses on stabilizing the child and preventing further brain damage. Interventions may include:

• Breathing support: To ensure proper oxygenation.

• Surgery: To stop brain bleeding if necessary.

• Medications: Used to reduce brain swelling and prevent seizures.

Treatment is tailored to the severity of injuries and often involves ongoing monitoring and supportive care.