Solitary Fibrous Tumor

Diagnosis

Solitary fibrous tumors are diagnosed using imaging tests and procedures that collect tissue samples for examination. These steps help determine the tumor’s size, location and whether it is cancerous.

Imaging tests
Imaging tests provide detailed views of the inside of the body and help identify features of the tumor. Common imaging tests include:
• X-rays
• CT scans
• MRI scans
• PET scans

Removing a sample of tissue for testing
A biopsy is required to confirm a solitary fibrous tumor. The procedure must be done carefully to avoid complications with future treatment or surgery. Care at a medical center experienced in treating these tumors is often recommended.

Types of biopsy procedures include:
• Core needle biopsy, which removes small samples of tissue using a needle
• Surgical biopsy, which may be recommended when a larger tissue sample is needed

Pathologists examine the biopsy sample under a microscope to determine if the cells are cancerous and to identify specific characteristics of the tumor. Additional lab tests may also help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for a solitary fibrous tumor depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant, as well as its size and location. A combination of surgery and other therapies may be recommended.

Surgery
Surgery is the primary treatment for solitary fibrous tumors. The goal is to completely remove the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue. Successful removal reduces the chance of recurrence. When tumors occur in challenging locations, specialized surgical techniques may be needed.

Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams to kill cancer cells. It may be used in several situations:
• Before surgery to shrink the tumor and make removal easier
• After surgery to lower the risk of recurrence
• When surgery is not possible, to help control the tumor

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy may be used in cases where the tumor is malignant or has spread. It uses strong medicines to target cancer cells throughout the body. While solitary fibrous tumors may not always respond strongly to chemotherapy, it can be considered for advanced disease.

Targeted therapy
Some solitary fibrous tumors may respond to targeted therapy. These treatments block specific signals that cancer cells use to grow. Testing the tumor can help determine whether targeted therapies may be beneficial, especially in advanced or metastatic cases.