Adjustment disorders are strong emotional or behavioral reactions to stressful life events or changes. These reactions are more intense than would usually be expected and can interfere with daily life, relationships, work, or school performance. Stressful situations such as problems at work, moving away to school, illness, relationship issues, or other major life changes can trigger adjustment disorders. While most …

Adnexal tumors and masses are growths that develop in the organs and tissues located near the uterus. These growths form from cells in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or the connective tissue that supports these structures. Most adnexal tumors and masses are not cancerous, but some can be malignant. The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system and are located …

Childhood schizophrenia is a rare and severe mental health disorder characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and behavior that begin during childhood or early adolescence. It is considered an early-onset form of schizophrenia and significantly affects a child’s ability to think clearly, manage emotions, relate to others, and function in daily life. The condition often has a chronic course and …

Acute sinusitis occurs when the spaces inside the nose, called sinuses, become inflamed and swollen. This inflammation makes it difficult for mucus to drain properly, leading to mucus buildup inside the sinuses. Because of this blockage, breathing through the nose can become difficult. Swelling and pressure may be felt around the eyes, cheeks, nose, or forehead. Some people experience throbbing …

HIV/AIDS is a chronic viral condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The virus attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the body fight infections. Over time, if untreated, HIV weakens the immune system and can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the most advanced stage of the infection. HIV is a manageable condition …

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that causes painful lumps, abscesses, and tunnels under the skin. It most commonly affects areas where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, buttocks, inner thighs, and under the breasts. The condition tends to recur and can progressively worsen over time without proper management. HS develops when hair follicles become …

Acne is a common skin condition that develops when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. This blockage can lead to whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples. Acne is most often associated with teenagers, but it can affect people of all ages. Although effective treatments are available, acne can be persistent. Individual pimples may heal slowly, and new breakouts …

Infant reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. This happens because the muscle between the esophagus and stomach is still developing in infants. Reflux is very common in babies, especially in the first few months of life, and usually resolves on its own as the digestive system matures. Symptoms Frequent spitting …

Symptoms Achalasia symptoms usually develop slowly and tend to worsen over time as the esophagus becomes less able to move food and liquid into the stomach. Early symptoms may be mild and easy to overlook, but they often become more persistent. Common symptoms of achalasia include: Difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, which may feel like food or liquids are stuck …

Radiation sickness, also known as acute radiation syndrome, is a serious condition caused by exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation over a short period of time. It typically occurs after accidental exposure, radiation therapy errors, or nuclear incidents. The severity of radiation sickness depends on the dose of radiation absorbed, the duration of exposure, and the parts of the …