Mental illness refers to a wide range of mental health conditions that affect a person’s thinking, emotions, mood, behavior, or ability to function in daily life. These conditions can be short-term or long-lasting and may vary from mild to severe. Mental illness is common and can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. With proper care, support, and treatment, …

Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years. It is officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period and typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. Menopause happens due to a gradual decline in the production of reproductive hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone. While menopause is not a medical …

Meningitis is a serious medical condition characterized by inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can develop suddenly and may become life-threatening if not treated promptly. Meningitis can be caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, as well as by non-infectious factors such as certain medications or autoimmune diseases. The severity …

Meningioma is a type of brain tumor that develops from the meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Most meningiomas are noncancerous and grow slowly, often taking years to cause noticeable symptoms. Although they arise near the brain, they are not brain tissue tumors themselves. Depending on their size and location, meningiomas may remain harmless or …

Meniere’s disease is a chronic disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing. It is characterized by recurring episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a sensation of fullness in the affected ear. The condition usually affects only one ear, especially in the early stages, but can involve both ears over time. Meniere’s disease is unpredictable and varies …

Medulloblastoma is a rare, fast-growing malignant brain tumor that develops in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for balance, coordination, and posture. It is most commonly diagnosed in children but can also occur in adolescents and adults. Medulloblastoma is considered a central nervous system tumor and has the potential to spread through cerebrospinal fluid to other parts of …

Medication overuse headaches are a chronic headache disorder caused by the frequent or excessive use of pain-relief medications. Instead of relieving headaches, regular overuse of these medicines can make headaches more frequent and persistent. This condition often develops in people who already have a primary headache disorder, such as migraine or tension-type headache. Medication overuse headaches are sometimes called rebound …

Shin splints is a common term used to describe pain along the inner edge of the shinbone, usually related to physical activity. It most often affects runners, athletes, and individuals who suddenly increase the intensity or duration of exercise. The pain is caused by stress on the bones, muscles, and connective tissues of the lower leg. Although shin splints are …

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that mainly affects children but can occur at any age. It is caused by the measles virus and spreads easily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Despite being preventable through vaccination, measles remains a significant public health concern in many parts of the world. The infection typically starts with …

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of blood disorders in which the bone marrow does not produce healthy, mature blood cells. Instead, the marrow makes abnormal or immature cells that fail to function properly. This leads to low levels of one or more types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Myelodysplastic syndromes mainly affect older …