Transposition of the great arteries is a serious congenital heart defect present at birth in which the two main arteries leaving the heart are reversed. Normally, the pulmonary artery carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs, and the aorta carries oxygen rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. In this condition, these arteries …

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite can infect humans and animals, especially cats, which are the primary hosts where the parasite reproduces. Many people infected with toxoplasmosis do not show symptoms because their immune system keeps the infection under control. The infection is usually mild in healthy individuals, but it can cause serious complications …

Toxic shock syndrome is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins produced by certain types of bacteria. The most common bacteria involved are Staphylococcus aureus and group A Streptococcus. These toxins can enter the bloodstream and cause a sudden and severe immune response that affects multiple organs in the body. Toxic shock syndrome can develop rapidly and requires immediate …

Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. These tics usually begin in childhood and can vary in frequency and intensity over time. The condition affects the nervous system and typically appears between the ages of 5 and 10. Tics may involve sudden movements such as blinking, shoulder shrugging, or facial grimacing, as …

A torn meniscus is a common knee injury that occurs when one of the menisci in the knee becomes damaged. The menisci are two crescent shaped pieces of cartilage that act as cushions between the thigh bone and the shinbone. They help stabilize the knee joint and absorb shock during movement. A meniscus tear can happen during sports activities that …

A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection in or around a tooth. The infection can occur in different parts of the tooth, including the root, the gums, or the surrounding bone. This condition usually develops when bacteria enter the tooth through untreated cavities, cracks, or gum disease. A tooth abscess can cause severe pain …

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, which are two oval shaped tissues located at the back of the throat. The tonsils are part of the immune system and help protect the body from infections by trapping bacteria and viruses that enter through the mouth and nose. Tonsillitis is most common in children, but it can occur at any age. …

Tonsil cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the tonsils, which are two oval shaped lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat. The tonsils play a role in the immune system by helping the body fight infections. Tonsil cancer is considered a form of oropharyngeal cancer, affecting the middle part of the throat. Most tonsil cancers …

Tonic-clonic seizures, previously known as grand mal seizures, are a type of seizure that involves the entire brain and causes sudden loss of consciousness along with severe muscle contractions. These seizures are one of the most recognizable forms of seizures and typically occur in people with epilepsy, although they may also happen due to other medical conditions. A tonic-clonic seizure …

Tongue-tie, medically known as ankyloglossia, is a condition present at birth in which the thin band of tissue that connects the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth is shorter, thicker, or tighter than normal. This tissue, called the lingual frenulum, restricts the movement of the tongue. The condition can vary in severity. Some individuals experience little …