Testicular torsion is a serious medical condition that occurs when the spermatic cord, which supplies blood to the testicle, becomes twisted. This twisting reduces or completely blocks blood flow to the affected testicle. It is considered a medical emergency because the longer the blood supply is cut off, the higher the risk of permanent damage to the testicle. Testicular torsion …

A retractile testicle is a condition in which one or both testicles move back and forth between the scrotum and the groin. The testicle can be manually guided into the scrotum during a physical exam and usually remains there temporarily. This condition is most commonly seen in infants and young boys and is generally considered benign. In many cases, the …

Tendinitis is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon, the thick fibrous cord that connects muscle to bone. Tendons help the body move by transmitting the force produced by muscles to bones. When a tendon becomes inflamed or irritated, it can cause pain and tenderness near a joint. Tendinitis commonly occurs in areas such as the shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees, …

TEN, also known as toxic epidermal necrolysis, is a rare but life-threatening skin condition characterized by widespread skin damage and peeling. It is considered the most severe form of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions and is closely related to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, differing mainly in the extent of skin involvement. In TEN, large areas of the skin and mucous membranes blister …

TMJ disorders refer to a group of conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint, which connects the lower jaw to the skull. This joint is located on each side of the head in front of the ears and allows the jaw to move up and down, side to side, and forward and backward. These movements are essential for speaking, chewing, and …

Temporal lobe seizure is a type of focal seizure that originates in the temporal lobe of the brain, an area involved in memory, emotions, and sensory processing. These seizures may occur with or without loss of awareness and can cause a wide range of physical, emotional, and sensory symptoms. Temporal lobe seizures are among the most common forms of focal …

Traumatic brain injury is a condition that occurs when a sudden blow, jolt, or penetrating injury to the head disrupts the normal function of the brain. It can range from mild injuries, such as concussions, to severe brain damage that may cause long term complications or death. Traumatic brain injury commonly results from falls, road accidents, sports injuries, or violent …

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that can cause infection in your lungs or other tissues. It commonly affects your lungs, but it can also affect other organs like your spine, brain or kidneys. The word “tuberculosis” comes from a Latin word for “nodule” or something that sticks out. Tuberculosis is also known as TB. Not everyone who becomes infected with …

Tay-Sachs disease is a rare, inherited neurological disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the absence or severe deficiency of an enzyme needed to break down a fatty substance in nerve cells. As this substance accumulates, it leads to worsening neurological damage. The condition is most commonly diagnosed in infancy, but …

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return, often abbreviated as TAPVR, is a rare congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the left atrium of the heart. Normally, pulmonary veins carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart so it can be pumped to the rest of the body. In …