Hypoglycemia is a condition in which blood sugar, also called glucose, falls below normal levels. Glucose is the body’s main source of energy, especially for the brain. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body and brain may not function properly. Hypoglycemia is most commonly associated with diabetes, particularly in people who use insulin or certain oral diabetes medicines. …

Long QT syndrome is a heart rhythm disorder that affects the electrical activity of the heart. It causes a prolonged QT interval on an electrocardiogram, which represents delayed repolarization of the heart after each heartbeat. This delay can lead to dangerous, irregular heart rhythms known as arrhythmias. Long QT syndrome may be inherited or acquired and can increase the risk …

Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and causes painful muscle stiffness and spasms. It is caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is commonly found in soil, dust, and animal waste. The bacteria usually enter the body through cuts, wounds, burns, or puncture injuries. Once inside the body, the bacteria release toxins …

Morphea is a rare autoimmune skin condition characterized by localized areas of skin thickening and hardening caused by excess collagen production. It primarily affects the skin and underlying tissues and does not involve internal organs. Morphea is also known as localized scleroderma and is different from systemic scleroderma, which affects multiple body systems. The condition can occur at any age …

Liver disease refers to a broad range of conditions that damage the liver and affect its ability to function properly. The liver plays a vital role in digestion, detoxification, metabolism, and blood clotting. Liver disease may be acute or chronic and can progress silently for years before symptoms appear. Common forms of liver disease include fatty liver disease, hepatitis, alcoholic …

Listeria infection, also known as listeriosis, is a serious foodborne illness caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. It most commonly spreads through contaminated food, such as unpasteurized dairy products, ready-to-eat meats, and improperly washed raw vegetables. While many healthy people may experience mild symptoms or none at all, listeria infection can be severe and life-threatening for certain groups. Pregnant women, …

Liposarcoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in fat cells deep within the body. Unlike a lipoma, which is benign, liposarcoma is malignant and can grow aggressively. It most often occurs in the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, or behind the knee, but it can develop in almost any area where fat tissue is present. Liposarcoma tends to grow slowly …

A lipoma is a slow-growing, noncancerous lump of fatty tissue that usually develops just beneath the skin. Lipomas are soft to the touch, move easily when pressed, and are generally painless. They can appear anywhere on the body but are most common on the neck, shoulders, back, arms, thighs, and abdomen. Lipomas are usually harmless and do not require treatment …

Lip cancer is a type of oral cancer that develops on the lips, most often on the lower lip. It usually begins as a small sore, lump, or discolored patch that does not heal over time. Lip cancer is commonly classified as a type of squamous cell carcinoma, which arises from the thin, flat cells lining the lips. Because the …

Neurodermatitis, also known as lichen simplex chronicus, is a chronic skin condition characterized by persistent itching and thickened, leathery skin. It develops as a result of repeated scratching or rubbing of the skin, which worsens irritation and creates an ongoing itch-scratch cycle. Neurodermatitis is not contagious and commonly affects areas such as the neck, scalp, wrists, forearms, ankles, and genital …