Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition in which the normally round cornea becomes thin and bulges outward into a cone-like shape. This abnormal shape affects how light enters the eye, leading to distorted and blurred vision. Keratoconus often begins in adolescence or early adulthood and may worsen over time. Early diagnosis and proper management can help slow progression and preserve …

Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. It can be caused by infections or noninfectious factors and may range from mild to severe. Keratitis can affect one or both eyes and, if not treated promptly, may lead to vision impairment or permanent eye damage. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment …

A keloid scar is an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that develops at the site of a skin injury. Unlike normal scars, keloids extend beyond the original wound boundaries and may continue to grow over time. They are benign but can cause cosmetic concerns, discomfort, or itching. Keloid scars can develop after minor skin injuries such as cuts, acne, piercings, …

Kawasaki disease is an acute inflammatory illness that primarily affects young children, usually under the age of five. It causes inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body and can lead to serious heart complications if not treated promptly. Kawasaki disease is one of the leading causes of acquired heart disease in children. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly reduce the risk …

Kaposi sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that develops from the cells lining blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. It most commonly appears as painless purple, red, or brown patches or nodules on the skin, but it can also affect internal organs such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes. Kaposi sarcoma is closely associated with infection by human …

Patellar tendinitis, also known as jumper’s knee, is a condition that involves inflammation or irritation of the patellar tendon. This tendon connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia) and plays an important role in helping the leg straighten during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The condition commonly affects athletes who participate in sports that involve frequent jumping …

Jock itch, medically known as tinea cruris, is a common fungal skin infection that affects the groin, inner thighs, and surrounding areas. It is caused by dermatophyte fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments. Jock itch is not serious but can be uncomfortable and may recur if not properly treated or prevented. Symptoms Symptoms of jock itch usually develop gradually …

Itchy skin, also known as pruritus, is an uncomfortable sensation that creates an urge to scratch. It may affect a small area of the body or be widespread and can occur with or without visible skin changes. Pruritus can be temporary or chronic and may result from skin conditions, systemic diseases, or environmental factors. Persistent or severe itching can significantly …

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are rare tumors that develop from the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas, known as neuroendocrine cells. These cells are responsible for releasing hormones into the bloodstream that help regulate various body functions, including digestion and blood sugar levels. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors grow differently from the more common type of pancreatic cancer called pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In many cases, …

Iritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris, the colored part of the eye. It is the most common form of anterior uveitis and can occur suddenly or develop gradually. Iritis may affect one or both eyes and can lead to vision problems if not treated promptly. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent long-term eye damage. Symptoms …