Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare condition in which one or more tumors form in the pancreas or the upper part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. These tumors, known as gastrinomas, produce large amounts of the hormone gastrin. Excess gastrin causes the stomach to make too much acid, leading to peptic ulcers, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can …

Hypothyroidism, also known as an underactive thyroid, is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the body’s needs. These hormones play a vital role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, heart function, and body temperature. When hormone levels are low, many body processes slow down, leading to a wide range of symptoms. Symptoms …

Hypospadias is a congenital condition in which the opening of the urethra is not located at the tip of the penis. Instead, the opening may be found on the underside of the penis, near the scrotum, or at the junction where the penis meets the scrotum. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the …

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome is a rare and serious congenital heart defect present at birth. In this condition, the left side of the heart is underdeveloped and cannot effectively pump oxygen-rich blood to the body. Parts of the left heart, including the left ventricle, mitral valve, aortic valve and aorta, may be very small or absent. Because the left side …

Hypopituitarism is a rare condition in which the pituitary gland does not produce one or more of its hormones, or does not produce enough of them. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, plays a key role in regulating many body functions by controlling other glands such as the thyroid, adrenal glands and reproductive organs. When pituitary …

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too little parathyroid hormone. This hormone plays an essential role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, which are important for nerve function, muscle contraction and bone health. When parathyroid hormone levels are low, calcium levels in the blood drop while phosphorus levels rise. This imbalance can …

Hyponatremia is a condition in which the level of sodium in the blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate water balance in and around cells, supports nerve function and plays a key role in muscle activity. When sodium levels drop too low, water moves into the body’s cells, causing them to swell. This swelling can …

Low sex drive in women, also known as female hypoactive sexual desire, is characterized by a persistent or recurrent lack of interest in sexual activity that causes personal distress. Sexual desire naturally varies over time and may be influenced by physical, emotional, and relationship factors. When low libido becomes ongoing and affects quality of life or relationships, it may require …

Hyperthyroidism, also known as overactive thyroid, is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck. Thyroid hormones play a key role in controlling metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels. When thyroid hormone levels are too high, the body’s functions speed …

Pulmonary Hypertension is a condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs. These arteries become narrowed, blocked, or damaged, making it harder for blood to flow through them. As a result, the right side of the heart must work harder to pump blood into the lungs. Over time, this increased …