Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. These growths commonly affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic lining, and sometimes the intestines or bladder. Because this tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, it can cause inflammation, pain, and scarring. Endometriosis is a common cause of …

Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are growths that develop from the inner lining of the uterus. They are usually noncancerous and vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Uterine polyps are most common in women between the ages of 40 and 50 but can occur at any age. While many polyps cause no symptoms, some …

Endocarditis is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves, known as the endocardium. It occurs when bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms enter the bloodstream and attach to damaged areas of the heart. Endocarditis can damage heart valves and disrupt normal blood flow, requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms Symptoms of …

End-stage renal disease is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, in which the kidneys have lost nearly all of their ability to function effectively. At this stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood well enough to sustain life without treatment. End-stage renal disease requires long-term dialysis or a kidney transplant …

Encopresis is a childhood condition characterized by the repeated passage of stool in inappropriate places, such as clothing or the floor, in a child who is past the age when bowel control is normally expected. It is most commonly associated with chronic constipation and stool retention, leading to leakage of stool around impacted feces. Encopresis can be distressing for both …

Encephalitis is a serious condition characterized by inflammation of the brain, most often caused by viral infections, though bacterial, autoimmune, or other causes are also possible. The inflammation can interfere with normal brain function and may range from mild to life-threatening. Encephalitis can affect people of all ages and requires prompt medical evaluation and treatment. Symptoms Symptoms of encephalitis may …

Emphysema is a chronic lung condition and a major form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It involves damage to the air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, which gradually lose their elasticity and break down. This damage reduces the surface area available for oxygen exchange, making breathing increasingly difficult. Emphysema develops slowly and symptoms often worsen over time, significantly affecting …

Embryonal tumors are a group of aggressive cancers that arise from immature or undeveloped cells, most commonly affecting infants and young children. These tumors develop when cells that are normally involved in early growth and development fail to mature properly and begin to grow uncontrollably. Embryonal tumors can occur in various parts of the body, including the brain, nervous system, …

A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blood clot in one of the blood vessels in your lung. This happens when a clot in another part of your body (often your leg or arm) moves through your veins to your lung. A PE restricts blood flow to your lungs, lowers oxygen levels in your lungs and increases blood pressure in your pulmonary arteries. This condition is a medical emergency. Without quick treatment, …

Elevated blood pressure is a condition in which blood pressure readings are consistently higher than normal but not yet in the range of hypertension. It reflects increased pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries and is often an early warning sign for developing high blood pressure. Elevated blood pressure usually has no noticeable symptoms but increases the risk …