Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder in which a person gets up and walks or performs other activities while still asleep. It usually occurs during deep stages of non-dream sleep, most often in the first part of the night. Sleepwalking is more common in children and often resolves with age, but it can also affect adults. During an episode, the person …

Sleep terrors, also known as night terrors, are a type of sleep disorder that causes sudden episodes of intense fear during sleep. They usually occur during deep, non-dream sleep and are most common in children, though adults can also be affected. During an episode, the person may appear awake but is often confused and difficult to comfort. Sleep terrors are …

Sleep disorders are conditions that affect the quality, timing, or duration of sleep and interfere with normal daytime functioning. They can lead to difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early, as well as excessive sleepiness during the day. Sleep disorders may be short-term or chronic and can affect people of all ages. Proper sleep is essential for physical …

Sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. These pauses in breathing reduce oxygen levels in the blood and disrupt normal sleep patterns. Sleep apnea can lead to poor sleep quality and serious health problems if left untreated. The condition affects people of all ages but is more common in adults, especially …

Melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Although melanoma is less common than other skin cancers, it is more aggressive and more likely to spread to other parts of the body if not detected early. Melanoma can appear anywhere on the skin, …

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare but serious disorder that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is usually triggered by a severe reaction to medications or, less commonly, infections. SJS causes the top layer of the skin to die and peel off, leading to painful sores and potential complications. Immediate medical attention is essential, as the condition can be …

Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s moisture-producing glands. It primarily affects the salivary and tear glands, leading to dryness of the mouth and eyes. The condition can occur on its own or in association with other autoimmune diseases. Sjogren’s syndrome often develops gradually and is more common in middle-aged adults, …

Short bowel syndrome is a condition that occurs when a significant portion of the small intestine is missing or not functioning properly. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients, fluids, and vitamins from food. When its length or function is reduced, the body cannot absorb enough nutrients to maintain normal health. Short bowel syndrome often develops after surgical removal …

Shigella infection is a contagious intestinal illness caused by bacteria of the Shigella group. It primarily affects the digestive tract and is a common cause of diarrhea, especially in areas with poor sanitation. The infection spreads easily from person to person and can affect individuals of all ages. While many cases are mild, some can be severe and require medical …

Shaken baby syndrome is a serious form of abusive head trauma that occurs when an infant or young child is violently shaken. The forceful shaking causes the brain to move back and forth inside the skull, leading to severe brain injury. This condition most commonly affects infants under one year of age and can result in long-term disability or death. …