A craniopharyngioma is a rare benign tumor that develops near your pituitary gland. This is a slow-growing tumor that can affect your cranial nerves, which are responsible for vision, and your endocrine system, which is responsible for the hormonal function of your body. The main treatments for craniopharyngiomas are surgery and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy has emerged as an option for a special papillary subtype of craniopharyngioma. …

“Dysmenorrhea” is the medical term for painful periods (menstruation) or menstrual cramps. In addition to cramping, you might have other symptoms, such as nausea, fatigue and diarrhea. It’s most common to have menstrual cramps the day before or the day you start your period. For most people, symptoms subside after about two or three days. Mild to moderate menstrual cramping is normal. …

Muscle spasms (also called muscle cramps) occur when your muscle involuntarily and forcibly contracts uncontrollably and can’t relax. Muscle spasms are normal and quite common. They can involve part or all of a muscle or several muscles in a group. You can get muscle spasms anywhere in your body. Some of the most common types include: Back spasms. Arm spasms. …

Cradle cap is a harmless skin condition that causes yellow or white scaly patches on your baby’s scalp. The scales are greasy or flaky, and a rash may surround them. Rest assured that your baby isn’t in any danger or discomfort. Cradle cap has no negative effects on your baby’s health and doesn’t affect their eating or sleeping. It doesn’t cause itching …

Pubic lice are tiny insects that live on your pubic hair (the hair around your genitals). Pubic lice are also called crabs. Lice are a type of parasite because they feed off of human blood to survive. Pubic lice are different from the lice you may get on your head or body, so you won’t find crabs on your scalp …

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition that affects children who had COVID-19. It causes inflammation in several parts of your child’s body, including their: Heart. Lungs. Kidneys. Brain. Skin. Eyes. Organs within your child’s digestive tract (gastrointestinal). It’s usually accompanied by a fever that lasts longer than 24 hours. MIS-C can be very serious and life-threatening in rare cases. If …

A cough headache is head pain that occurs after coughing, sneezing, laughing or straining. A cough headache can last anywhere from a few seconds to 30 minutes, on average. Some can last up to two hours. These headaches aren’t common. Most cases are harmless, but some may have a more serious cause. What are the types of cough headaches? There are two …

Corticobasal degeneration is a neurological (brain) disorder. It damages cells in your brain, causing parts of it to shrink (atrophy). The disease’s symptoms may first appear on one side of your body, but eventually affect both sides as the disease progresses. With progression, you gradually lose your ability to talk, swallow and move. The disease could also affect other areas …

COVID-19, also called coronavirus disease 2019, is an illness caused by a virus. The virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or more commonly, SARS-CoV-2. It started spreading at the end of 2019 and became a pandemic disease in 2020. The virus that causes COVID-19 spreads most commonly through the air in tiny droplets of fluid between people in close …

Microvascular disease affects arteries that branch off from your heart’s main blood vessels (coronary microvasculature). It’s also known as: Small artery disease. Small vessel disease. Cardiac X syndrome. Microvessel disease. Nonobstructive coronary heart disease. What is the role of the coronary microvasculature? The coronary microvasculature is a network of tiny blood vessels in your heart. Many of them are the size of …