Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes (CMS) are a group of rare inherited neuromuscular disorders that affect the communication between nerves and muscles. These conditions are present from birth and result in impaired transmission of signals at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. Unlike myasthenia gravis, CMS are not autoimmune disorders and do not involve antibodies. Symptoms Symptoms of congenital …
Congenital mitral valve anomalies are structural abnormalities of the mitral valve that are present at birth. The mitral valve controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart. When this valve does not form normally, it can affect how efficiently blood moves through the heart. These anomalies range from mild defects that cause few symptoms to …
Hirschsprung’s Disease is a congenital condition that affects the large intestine (colon) and causes difficulty passing stool. It occurs when nerve cells, known as ganglion cells, are missing in parts of the bowel. These nerve cells are responsible for coordinating the muscle contractions that move stool through the intestines. Without these nerve cells, the affected portion of the colon cannot …
Congenital heart disease in adults refers to heart defects that are present from birth and persist into adulthood. Advances in diagnosis and treatment have allowed many individuals with congenital heart disease to survive into adult life, sometimes with repaired or partially corrected defects. These conditions can range from mild abnormalities with minimal symptoms to complex heart defects that require ongoing …
Congenital heart defects in children are structural problems of the heart that are present at birth. These defects occur when the heart or major blood vessels do not develop normally during fetal growth. Congenital heart defects range from simple conditions that may cause few or no symptoms to complex abnormalities that require early medical or surgical treatment. They are among …
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of inherited genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands, which are responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. In CAH, enzyme deficiencies disrupt normal hormone production, leading to hormonal imbalances that can affect growth, development, and metabolism. The condition is usually present at birth, though milder forms may be diagnosed …
Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus. They appear as small growths or bumps on the genital or anal areas and can vary in size, shape, and number. Genital warts are usually not life-threatening, but they can cause discomfort, emotional stress, and may recur over time due to the persistence of the …
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a blow, bump, or jolt to the head or body that leads to rapid movement of the brain within the skull. This sudden movement can disrupt normal brain function, even without visible injury on imaging tests. Concussions are common in sports, falls, motor vehicle accidents, and everyday activities, and their …
Kleptomania is a rare mental health disorder characterized by a recurring inability to resist the urge to steal items that are not needed for personal use or financial gain. The behavior is impulsive rather than planned and is often followed by feelings of guilt, shame, or distress. Kleptomania is classified as an impulse control disorder and is not the same …
Compulsive sexual behavior, sometimes referred to as hypersexual disorder or sexual addiction, is a condition characterized by persistent and intense sexual urges, thoughts, or behaviors that feel difficult or impossible to control. These behaviors continue despite causing emotional distress, relationship problems, or negative consequences in daily life. The condition can affect individuals of any gender and may interfere with personal, …