Scrotal masses refer to lumps, swelling, or enlargement within the scrotum, the sac of skin that holds the testicles. These masses can vary in size and may be painless or painful. Some scrotal masses are harmless and non-cancerous, while others may indicate infections, fluid buildup, or more serious conditions such as testicular cancer. Scrotal masses can occur at any age, …

A scorpion sting occurs when a scorpion injects venom into the skin using its stinger. Scorpions are commonly found in warm and dry regions, and most stings happen when people accidentally come into contact with them. While many scorpion stings cause mild symptoms similar to a bee sting, some species can deliver venom that leads to serious health complications. The …

Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare inflammatory condition that affects the mesentery, the fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall and supports blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. The condition is characterized by chronic inflammation, fat necrosis, and fibrosis within the mesenteric tissue. Sclerosing mesenteritis can range from mild and asymptomatic to severe and symptomatic. In many …

Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal growth of connective tissue, leading to hardening and tightening of the skin. The word scleroderma means hard skin, but the condition can also affect blood vessels, internal organs, and the digestive system. There are two main forms of scleroderma: localized scleroderma, which mainly affects the skin, and systemic scleroderma, which can …

Sciatica is a condition characterized by pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body and runs from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and down each leg. Sciatica typically affects only one side of the body. Sciatica is not a disease itself but a symptom of …

A spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function, such as movement, sensation, or both, below the level of the injury. It can be caused by trauma or non-traumatic conditions and may be partial or complete. Spinal cord injuries can lead to temporary or permanent disability, depending on the severity and location …

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental health disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It can cause a range of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties, often making it challenging to distinguish between what is real and what is not. Schizophrenia typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood and requires long-term management. This condition is not …

Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition that includes symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders such as depression or bipolar disorder. It affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves, often causing disruptions in daily functioning, relationships, and work life. This disorder is characterized by episodes of psychosis, such as hallucinations or delusions, along with periods of mood …

Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection that usually develops in people who have strep throat. It is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria, the same bacteria responsible for strep throat. Scarlet fever is most common in children between the ages of 5 and 15, but it can affect people of any age. The condition is characterized by a distinctive red …

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare but serious heart condition in which a tear forms in the wall of a coronary artery. This tear allows blood to flow between the layers of the artery wall, creating a blockage that reduces or stops blood flow to the heart muscle. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection can cause a heart attack and often …