Myocardial ischemia is a condition in which blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, usually due to narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. This reduced blood supply limits the amount of oxygen reaching the heart muscle, making it difficult for the heart to function properly. Myocardial ischemia can occur temporarily during physical exertion or stress, or it can …

Cardiac arrest happens when your heart stops beating or beats so fast that it stops pumping blood. During cardiac arrest, people typically collapse and become unresponsive. Symptoms start without warning. This is why people also call it sudden cardiac arrest. This life-threatening condition can become fatal if you don’t get immediate treatment. During cardiac arrest (cardiopulmonary arrest), your heart isn’t pumping blood anymore. …

Carcinoma of unknown primary, often abbreviated as CUP, is a type of cancer in which malignant cells are found in the body, but the original site where the cancer began cannot be identified despite thorough medical evaluation. The cancer is usually discovered after it has spread to one or more parts of the body, such as lymph nodes, liver, lungs, …

Carcinoid syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur in some people with neuroendocrine tumors, most commonly carcinoid tumors that originate in the gastrointestinal tract or lungs. These tumors produce and release hormones and other chemical substances, such as serotonin, into the bloodstream. Carcinoid syndrome usually develops when these substances bypass normal liver breakdown, often due to tumor spread to …

Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide gas builds up in the bloodstream, reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas produced by the incomplete burning of fuels such as gas, wood, coal, or petrol. Exposure can happen in homes, vehicles, or enclosed spaces with poor ventilation. Carbon monoxide …

Oral thrush is a common fungal infection of the mouth caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast, most often Candida albicans. It occurs when the natural balance of microorganisms in the mouth is disrupted, allowing the fungus to multiply. Oral thrush can affect infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems, but it can occur at any age. Symptoms …

Wilms tumor is a rare type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children, most commonly those under the age of five. It develops in one or both kidneys and is also known as nephroblastoma. Wilms tumor is one of the most common childhood kidney cancers and has a high cure rate when detected and treated early. Advances in surgery, chemotherapy, …

Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops on the external female genitalia, particularly the vulva, which includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. Most cases occur in older women, but it can affect women of any age. The disease often begins as abnormal growths or lesions on the vulva and can be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) …

Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the tissues of the vagina, the muscular tube connecting the uterus to the external genitalia. It most commonly affects older adults, particularly after menopause, but it can occur at any age. The most frequent type is squamous cell carcinoma, which develops from the thin, flat cells lining the vaginal …

Thyroid cancer develops in your thyroid, a small, butterfly-shaped gland at the base of your neck. This gland produces hormones that regulate your metabolism (how your body uses energy). Thyroid hormones also help control your body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate. Thyroid cancer, a type of endocrine cancer, is generally highly treatable, with an excellent cure rate. How common is thyroid cancer? Close …