Bladder stones are hardened mineral clumps that form in your urinary bladder (the organ that holds your urine). They usually form when some urine (pee) stays in your bladder after you use the restroom. You may not notice small bladder stones. They may leave your body when you pee without any symptoms. Larger bladder stones may be so painful that …

Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless and fairly common condition in which the top of your tongue looks hairy. However, the substance on your tongue isn’t really hair and it’s not always black — it can be brown, green, white or other colors. Little bumps on the top of your tongue — called filiform papillae — grow and collect …

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a behavioral disorder characterized by chronic, compulsive overeating. While occasional overeating is normal, an eating disorder is a condition that you live with every day. It feels like it controls you and interferes with your mental, emotional and physical well-being. Binge eating means consuming large quantities of food in a short period and feeling like you can’t stop. What …

Bile reflux occurs when the bile that’s released into your small intestine to help digest food washes back into your stomach, and sometimes into your esophagus. Normally, everything involved in the digestive process should only flow one way ⁠— down. As food progresses along the digestive tract, valves at the end of each organ open just enough to let food and digestive juices through into …

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer that starts in your bile ducts. Bile ducts are thin tubes that bring bile (a fluid that helps you digest fats) from your liver and gallbladder to your small intestine. Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer, which means it spreads fast. Most people receive a cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis after it’s already spread outside of their bile ducts. At this point, bile duct cancer is difficult …

Bicuspid aortic valve disease is a congenital (present at birth) heart condition. It means your aortic valve (between your heart and your aorta) only has two flaps or cusps instead of the typical three. With only two flaps, your aortic valve may have trouble closing and opening properly. Your aortic valve cusps or leaflets open and shut to regulate blood flow between your heart and your aorta. …

IgA nephropathy is a type of kidney disease. The name stands for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (nuh-FROP-uh-thee). IgA is an antibody, a protein your immune system makes to protect you from bacteria and viruses. In people with IgA nephropathy, IgA builds up in their kidneys and causes inflammation. This inflammation damages kidney tissues. IgA nephropathy is also called Berger’s disease. Two French …

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition in which your prostate grows in size. Your prostate is a gland that rests below your bladder and in front of your rectum. It’s about the size of a walnut, and it surrounds part of your urethra. Your urethra is a tube that carries urine (pee) and sperm (ejaculate) out of your body. If your …

Benign peripheral nerve tumors are tumors that form on peripheral nerves. The peripheral nerves link the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. These nerves control muscles that allow you to walk, blink, swallow, pick things up and do other activities. Benign tumors are not cancerous. Several different types of tumors may form on the peripheral nerves. …

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common inner ear disorder. With BPPV, changes in your head position — such as tipping your head backward or sitting up in bed — lead to sudden vertigo (a feeling that the room is spinning). BPPV isn’t a sign of a serious problem, and it usually disappears on its own within a few days of the first …