Sacroiliitis is a painful condition caused by inflammation of one or both sacroiliac joints, which connect the lower spine to the pelvis. These joints play an important role in transferring weight and movement between the upper body and the legs. Inflammation in this area can lead to persistent lower back and buttock pain that may worsen with standing, walking, or …

A ruptured spleen is a serious medical emergency in which the spleen, an organ involved in filtering blood and supporting the immune system, tears or bursts. This condition often results from trauma, such as a car accident, sports injury, or fall. A ruptured spleen can cause internal bleeding, leading to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly. Symptoms of Ruptured Spleen …

Rumination syndrome is a chronic digestive disorder in which recently eaten food is regurgitated, re-chewed, and either re-swallowed or spit out. Unlike vomiting, this process is usually effortless and occurs without nausea. It most commonly affects infants, children, and adults under stress, and it can lead to nutritional deficiencies and social distress if not recognized. Symptoms of Rumination Syndrome Symptoms …

Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. The infection primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract and can lead to dehydration if not managed properly. Rotavirus illness is most common in children under five years of age, although adults can also become infected, usually with milder symptoms. Vaccination has …

A rotator cuff injury involves damage to the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and allow smooth arm movement. These injuries can range from mild inflammation and strain to partial or complete tendon tears. Rotator cuff injuries are common in athletes, people with physically demanding jobs, and older adults due to wear and tear over time. …

Roseola is a common viral infection that primarily affects infants and young children, usually between 6 months and 2 years of age. It is most often caused by human herpesvirus 6 and, less commonly, human herpesvirus 7. Roseola is characterized by a sudden high fever followed by the appearance of a distinctive rash as the fever subsides. The illness is …

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects the face, causing redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes acne-like bumps. It most commonly involves the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin. Rosacea tends to develop in adults, especially those between 30 and 60 years of age, and often follows a pattern of flare-ups and remissions. While it is not life-threatening, …

Ringworm of the body, also known as tinea corporis, is a common fungal skin infection that affects the outer layer of the skin. Despite its name, it is not caused by a worm but by dermatophyte fungi that thrive on keratin in the skin. The infection is contagious and can spread through direct skin contact or contact with contaminated objects. …

Rickets is a childhood bone disorder characterized by softening and weakening of the bones due to inadequate mineralization. It most commonly results from a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, which are essential for healthy bone development. Rickets primarily affects infants and young children during periods of rapid growth and can lead to bone deformities if not treated early. …

Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop as a delayed complication of untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal throat infections, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. It most commonly affects children and adolescents but can occur at any age. Rheumatic fever can involve the heart, joints, skin, and nervous system, and repeated episodes may lead to long-term heart …