Transient ischemic attack, often called a TIA or mini stroke, is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke. It occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is briefly blocked. Unlike a stroke, the blockage is temporary and does not cause permanent brain damage. Although the symptoms usually last only a few minutes to …

Thyroid nodules are abnormal lumps or growths that develop within the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a small gland located at the front of the neck that produces hormones responsible for regulating metabolism, body temperature, and energy levels. Thyroid nodules are relatively common and often discovered during routine medical examinations or imaging tests. Most thyroid nodules are benign and do …

Thrombophlebitis is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a vein and causes inflammation of the vein. It most commonly affects veins in the legs, but it can also occur in other parts of the body. The condition can involve superficial veins close to the surface of the skin or deeper veins located within the muscles. Superficial thrombophlebitis …

Thrombocytosis is a condition in which the body produces an abnormally high number of platelets in the blood. Platelets are small blood cells that help the body form clots to stop bleeding. While platelets are essential for normal blood clotting, too many of them can increase the risk of abnormal clot formation. There are two main types of thrombocytosis. Primary …

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition that occurs when blood vessels or nerves in the space between the collarbone and the first rib, known as the thoracic outlet, become compressed. This pressure can affect the nerves, arteries, or veins that travel from the neck to the arm, leading to pain and other symptoms in the shoulders, neck, and arms. The …

Testicular torsion is a serious medical condition that occurs when the spermatic cord, which supplies blood to the testicle, becomes twisted. This twisting reduces or completely blocks blood flow to the affected testicle. It is considered a medical emergency because the longer the blood supply is cut off, the higher the risk of permanent damage to the testicle. Testicular torsion …

A retractile testicle is a condition in which one or both testicles move back and forth between the scrotum and the groin. The testicle can be manually guided into the scrotum during a physical exam and usually remains there temporarily. This condition is most commonly seen in infants and young boys and is generally considered benign. In many cases, the …

Tendinitis is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon, the thick fibrous cord that connects muscle to bone. Tendons help the body move by transmitting the force produced by muscles to bones. When a tendon becomes inflamed or irritated, it can cause pain and tenderness near a joint. Tendinitis commonly occurs in areas such as the shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees, …

TEN, also known as toxic epidermal necrolysis, is a rare but life-threatening skin condition characterized by widespread skin damage and peeling. It is considered the most severe form of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions and is closely related to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, differing mainly in the extent of skin involvement. In TEN, large areas of the skin and mucous membranes blister …

TMJ disorders refer to a group of conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint, which connects the lower jaw to the skull. This joint is located on each side of the head in front of the ears and allows the jaw to move up and down, side to side, and forward and backward. These movements are essential for speaking, chewing, and …