Laryngitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the larynx, also known as the voice box. The larynx contains the vocal cords and plays an essential role in breathing, speaking, and swallowing. When the vocal cords become irritated or swollen, the voice may sound hoarse or weak. Laryngitis is usually short-term and often improves once the underlying cause is treated. …

Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. This fungus is commonly found in soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings. People become infected by breathing in microscopic fungal spores released into the air when contaminated soil is disturbed. Histoplasmosis primarily affects the lungs, but in some cases, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems, the infection can spread …

Hip Labral Tear is a condition in which the labrum, a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the hip joint, becomes damaged or torn. The labrum helps stabilize the hip by keeping the ball of the thigh bone securely within the socket and providing cushioning during movement. When the labrum is torn, it can cause pain, stiffness, and …

Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as perihilar cholangiocarcinoma or Klatskin tumor, is a rare type of cancer that develops in the bile ducts at the point where the right and left hepatic ducts join outside the liver. These bile ducts carry bile from the liver to the small intestine to help digest fats. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the most common type of …

Priapism is a long-lasting erection that occurs without sexual arousal or stimulation. It’s usually painful and it can last for more than four hours. It occurs when blood remains in your penis and can’t drain. Priapism needs immediate treatment. Without treatment, it can cause permanent damage. What are the types of priapism? The types of priapism include: Low-flow (ischemic) priapism. Low-flow priapism …

Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure caused by an identifiable underlying medical condition or medication. Unlike primary hypertension, which develops gradually without a clear cause, secondary hypertension results from specific problems that affect the kidneys, hormones, blood vessels, or other body systems. This type of hypertension may appear suddenly, be more severe, or be difficult to control with standard blood …

Overview High Blood Pressure in Children, also known as pediatric hypertension, is a condition in which a child’s blood pressure is consistently higher than normal for their age, sex, and height. Although commonly associated with adults, hypertension can affect infants, children, and adolescents. Blood pressure in children is interpreted differently than in adults. Instead of fixed numbers, healthcare providers compare …

High Blood Pressure, also known as Hypertension, is a common medical condition in which the force of blood against the walls of the arteries remains consistently too high. Over time, this increased pressure can damage blood vessels and vital organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes. Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: Systolic pressure: the top number, representing …

Hiccups are sudden, involuntary contractions of the diaphragm, the muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen and plays a key role in breathing. Each contraction is followed by a quick closure of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic “hic” sound. Most hiccups are harmless and last only a few minutes. However, persistent hiccups that last more than 48 hours …

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox and shingles. It occurs when the virus reactivates in the facial nerve near the inner ear. The condition leads to facial paralysis and a painful rash involving the ear, face, or mouth. Ramsay Hunt syndrome is generally more severe than …