Growing pains are common, benign musculoskeletal pains that typically affect children, usually between the ages of 3 and 12. They are not caused by growth itself, but the discomfort often occurs in the legs during periods of rapid growth or after physical activity. Growing pains usually appear in the evening or at night and resolve by morning. They do not …

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae. It commonly affects newborns, pregnant women, and adults with certain chronic medical conditions. In newborns, it can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. GBS is a leading cause of infection in infants during the first week of life (early-onset) and can also …

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones. It is one of the most common causes of an overactive thyroid and primarily affects the metabolism, heart, and other body systems. The disease is more common in women and typically occurs between the ages of 30 and 50, though …

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis), primarily affecting the respiratory tract and kidneys. The inflammation can restrict blood flow, damage tissues, and lead to organ dysfunction. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications. The condition was formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis. Symptoms Symptoms of granulomatosis with polyangiitis can …

Granuloma annulare is a benign, chronic skin condition characterized by ring-shaped or circular patches on the skin. These lesions are usually raised, firm, and smooth, and they often appear on the hands, feet, elbows, or knees. The condition is not contagious and is generally harmless. In many cases, granuloma annulare resolves on its own without treatment. Symptoms Symptoms of granuloma …

Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It primarily affects the genital tract but can also infect the rectum, throat, and eyes. Gonorrhea often causes mild symptoms or none at all, especially in women, which increases the risk of unknowingly spreading the infection. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are important to prevent complications. Symptoms …

Golfer’s elbow, medically known as medial epicondylitis, is a condition caused by inflammation or damage to the tendons that attach to the inner side of the elbow. These tendons help control wrist and finger movements. Despite its name, golfer’s elbow can affect anyone who performs repetitive gripping, twisting, or wrist-bending activities, not just golfers. Symptoms Symptoms of golfer’s elbow usually …

Glomerulonephritis is a group of kidney disorders characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny filtering units within the kidneys. These structures play a vital role in removing waste and excess fluids from the blood. When they become inflamed, the kidneys may not function properly, leading to a buildup of waste products in the body. Glomerulonephritis can develop suddenly …

Glioma is a type of tumor that develops from glial cells, which are supportive cells in the brain and spinal cord. These tumors can vary widely in how fast they grow and how aggressive they are. Gliomas are classified into different types and grades based on the specific glial cells involved and how abnormal the tumor cells appear. They can …

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is essential for clear vision. This damage is often associated with increased pressure inside the eye, although glaucoma can also occur with normal eye pressure. Glaucoma usually develops slowly and may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent …