Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition that occurs in a child as a result of alcohol exposure during pregnancy. Alcohol crosses the placenta and interferes with normal fetal development, leading to physical, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities. Fetal alcohol syndrome is part of a broader group known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and represents the most severe form. The condition is …

Female sexual dysfunction refers to persistent problems that affect sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, or comfort during sexual activity and cause personal distress. It can occur at any stage of life and may be temporary or long term. Female sexual dysfunction is influenced by physical, psychological, hormonal, and social factors and often involves more than one contributing cause. Open discussion and …

Female infertility is the inability to become pregnant after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse, or after six months for women over the age of 35. It can result from problems with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, or hormonal balance. Female infertility may occur on its own or in combination with male infertility factors. Advances in medical evaluation …

Febrile seizure is a convulsion that occurs in young children in association with a fever, usually caused by an infection outside the brain. These seizures most commonly affect children between 6 months and 5 years of age and are not related to epilepsy or underlying neurological disorders. Although febrile seizures can be frightening for parents and caregivers, most are harmless …

Farsightedness, also known as hyperopia, is a common vision condition in which distant objects are seen more clearly than nearby objects. It occurs when light entering the eye is focused behind the retina instead of directly on it, making close-up tasks such as reading or using digital devices difficult. Farsightedness may be present at birth or develop later in life. …

Familial Mediterranean Fever is a hereditary autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and painful inflammation in the abdomen, chest, or joints. The condition typically begins in childhood or adolescence and is most common among people of Mediterranean descent, including individuals from Middle Eastern, North African, and Southern European backgrounds. Familial Mediterranean Fever is caused by mutations in the …

Familial Hypercholesterolemia is an inherited genetic condition that causes abnormally high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from birth. Elevated cholesterol leads to the early development of atherosclerosis, significantly increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases at a young age. The condition is commonly inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning one affected parent can pass it …

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis is a rare inherited disorder that causes the development of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum, usually beginning in adolescence or early adulthood. If left untreated, these polyps have an almost 100 percent risk of progressing to colorectal cancer, often by middle age. The condition is caused by a mutation in the …

Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare congenital heart defect that is present at birth. It involves four structural abnormalities in the heart that affect normal blood flow. These defects cause oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and into the rest of the body, which can lead to low oxygen levels in the blood. Because of reduced oxygen circulation, …

Flatfeet, also known as fallen arches, is a condition in which the arches of the feet are low or absent, causing the soles to touch the ground fully or nearly fully when standing. Flatfeet can be present from childhood or develop later in life due to injury, aging, or medical conditions. Many people with flatfeet do not experience symptoms, while …