Ependymoma is a rare type of tumor that develops from ependymal cells, which line the fluid-filled spaces of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. These tumors are classified as central nervous system tumors and can occur in both children and adults. Ependymomas may be slow-growing or more aggressive, depending on their type and location. Early diagnosis …

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the esophagus caused by an accumulation of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions. This inflammation leads to irritation, swelling, and structural changes in the esophagus, making swallowing difficult. The condition is often associated with food allergies, environmental allergies, or asthma and can affect both children and adults. …

Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. The thyroid plays a key role in regulating metabolism through the production of hormones. A goiter can develop when the thyroid produces too much or too little hormone, or when the gland is stimulated to grow due to iodine deficiency or …

An enlarged spleen, medically known as splenomegaly, is a condition in which the spleen increases in size beyond its normal dimensions. The spleen plays an important role in filtering blood, supporting immune function, and recycling old red blood cells. Splenomegaly itself is not a disease but a sign of an underlying condition affecting the blood, immune system, liver, or infections. …

An enlarged liver, medically known as hepatomegaly, is a condition in which the liver becomes larger than its normal size. It is not a disease on its own but a sign of an underlying health problem affecting the liver or other organs. The liver plays a vital role in metabolism, detoxification, and digestion, so enlargement often indicates inflammation, congestion, or …

Enlarged breasts in men, medically known as gynecomastia, is a condition characterized by the benign enlargement of male breast tissue. It occurs due to an imbalance between the hormones estrogen and testosterone. Gynecomastia can affect one or both breasts and may develop at different stages of life, including infancy, adolescence, and older adulthood. While it is not usually a serious …

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. These growths commonly affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic lining, and sometimes the intestines or bladder. Because this tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, it can cause inflammation, pain, and scarring. Endometriosis is a common cause of …

Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are growths that develop from the inner lining of the uterus. They are usually noncancerous and vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Uterine polyps are most common in women between the ages of 40 and 50 but can occur at any age. While many polyps cause no symptoms, some …

Endocarditis is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves, known as the endocardium. It occurs when bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms enter the bloodstream and attach to damaged areas of the heart. Endocarditis can damage heart valves and disrupt normal blood flow, requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms Symptoms of …

End-stage renal disease is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, in which the kidneys have lost nearly all of their ability to function effectively. At this stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood well enough to sustain life without treatment. End-stage renal disease requires long-term dialysis or a kidney transplant …