Congenital heart defects in children are structural problems of the heart that are present at birth. These defects occur when the heart or major blood vessels do not develop normally during fetal growth. Congenital heart defects range from simple conditions that may cause few or no symptoms to complex abnormalities that require early medical or surgical treatment. They are among …

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of inherited genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands, which are responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. In CAH, enzyme deficiencies disrupt normal hormone production, leading to hormonal imbalances that can affect growth, development, and metabolism. The condition is usually present at birth, though milder forms may be diagnosed …

Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus. They appear as small growths or bumps on the genital or anal areas and can vary in size, shape, and number. Genital warts are usually not life-threatening, but they can cause discomfort, emotional stress, and may recur over time due to the persistence of the …

A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a blow, bump, or jolt to the head or body that leads to rapid movement of the brain within the skull. This sudden movement can disrupt normal brain function, even without visible injury on imaging tests. Concussions are common in sports, falls, motor vehicle accidents, and everyday activities, and their …

Kleptomania is a rare mental health disorder characterized by a recurring inability to resist the urge to steal items that are not needed for personal use or financial gain. The behavior is impulsive rather than planned and is often followed by feelings of guilt, shame, or distress. Kleptomania is classified as an impulse control disorder and is not the same …

Compulsive sexual behavior, sometimes referred to as hypersexual disorder or sexual addiction, is a condition characterized by persistent and intense sexual urges, thoughts, or behaviors that feel difficult or impossible to control. These behaviors continue despite causing emotional distress, relationship problems, or negative consequences in daily life. The condition can affect individuals of any gender and may interfere with personal, …

Hoarding Disorder is a mental health condition characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. This behavior leads to excessive accumulation of items that clutter living spaces and interfere with daily functioning. People with hoarding disorder experience strong emotional attachment to possessions and significant distress at the thought of throwing items away. The condition …

Complicated grief, also known as prolonged grief disorder, is a condition in which intense feelings of loss, sorrow, and emotional pain persist for an extended period after the death of a loved one. Unlike normal grief, which gradually becomes less overwhelming, complicated grief interferes with daily functioning and makes it difficult to accept the loss and move forward with life. …

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that typically affects an arm or a leg and usually develops after an injury, surgery, stroke, or heart attack. The pain experienced is disproportionate to the original injury and may persist long after the initial damage has healed. CRPS is thought to involve abnormal responses of the nervous system and …

Common warts are benign skin growths caused by infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). They most often appear on the hands, fingers, knees, and elbows and are especially common in children and adolescents. Common warts are contagious and spread through direct skin contact or contact with contaminated surfaces, particularly when the skin has small cuts or abrasions. …