Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a rare inherited immune system disorder that affects the body’s ability to fight certain bacterial and fungal infections. It occurs due to a defect in white blood cells called phagocytes, which are unable to produce reactive oxygen species needed to kill specific pathogens. As a result, individuals with CGD experience recurrent, sometimes life-threatening infections and …

Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome, is a long-term, complex condition characterized by profound fatigue that does not improve with rest and worsens after physical or mental exertion. The fatigue is severe enough to interfere with daily activities and work. ME/CFS affects multiple body systems, including the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems. The condition can vary in severity, …

Chronic daily headaches refer to a group of headache disorders in which a person experiences headaches on 15 or more days per month for at least three months. Rather than being a single diagnosis, chronic daily headaches include several headache types, most commonly chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. These headaches can significantly interfere with daily activities, work productivity, and …

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is a condition characterized by increased pressure within a muscle compartment during physical activity, leading to pain and reduced blood flow to the affected muscles and nerves. It most commonly affects the lower legs and is often seen in athletes or individuals who engage in repetitive, high-impact activities such as running. Symptoms typically develop during exercise …

Addison’s disease is a rare condition that occurs when the body does not produce enough of certain hormones. It is also called primary adrenal insufficiency. In this condition, the adrenal glands produce too little cortisol and often too little aldosterone as well. Addison’s disease develops when the adrenal glands are damaged. Symptoms usually appear slowly over time. Early signs may …

Choroid plexus carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignant brain tumor that originates from the choroid plexus, a structure within the brain ventricles responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid. This condition primarily affects infants and young children, though it can occur rarely in adults. Due to its rapid growth and tendency to spread within the central nervous system, choroid plexus carcinoma …

Huntington’s disease is a rare, inherited neurological disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It affects movement, thinking ability, and emotional regulation. Symptoms usually begin in adulthood, most commonly between the ages of 30 and 50, and gradually worsen over time. The condition has a significant impact on daily functioning and quality of life. Because …

Chordoma is a rare type of cancer that develops from remnants of the notochord, a structure present during early fetal development that helps form the spine. These tumors typically grow slowly but are locally aggressive and most often occur at the base of the skull (clivus) or in the spine, particularly the sacrum. Although chordomas grow gradually, they can cause …

Chondrosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in cartilage cells, the connective tissue that cushions the ends of bones. It most commonly affects the pelvis, hips, shoulders, ribs, and long bones such as the femur or humerus. Chondrosarcoma typically grows slowly but can be aggressive in higher-grade forms. It mainly occurs in adults and is less responsive to …

Cholestasis of pregnancy, also known as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, is a liver condition that occurs during pregnancy, typically in the third trimester. It is characterized by a reduction or stoppage of bile flow from the liver, leading to a buildup of bile acids in the bloodstream. While the condition usually resolves after delivery, it can pose risks to the …