Childhood apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder in which a child has difficulty planning and coordinating the movements needed for speech. The brain knows what it wants to say, but the muscles of the lips, tongue, and jaw do not move correctly to produce clear sounds and words. This condition is not caused by muscle weakness but by …

Carotid artery disease is a condition in which the carotid arteries, the major blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain, become narrowed or blocked. This narrowing is usually caused by a buildup of fatty deposits known as plaque, a process called atherosclerosis. Carotid artery disease is a major risk factor for stroke, as reduced or blocked blood flow …

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick. The thickening most often affects the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart, called the ventricles. This can make it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively and may block blood flow out of the heart. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is usually inherited and can …

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disorder in which the heart’s main pumping chamber becomes enlarged and weakened. This reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently to the rest of the body. The condition can develop at any age and may progress gradually or appear suddenly. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a common cause of heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms. …

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle in which the heart becomes enlarged, thickened, or rigid, affecting its ability to pump blood effectively. Over time, cardiomyopathy can weaken the heart and lead to heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms, or other serious complications. The condition may develop gradually or appear suddenly and can affect people of all ages. There are …

An enlarged heart, medically referred to as cardiomegaly, is a condition in which the heart becomes larger than normal. This enlargement usually occurs because the heart muscle has to work harder to pump blood effectively. An enlarged heart is not a disease itself but a sign of an underlying heart or systemic condition. Depending on the cause and severity, it …

Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition in which the heart suddenly cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This leads to severe reduction in blood flow to vital organs, causing organ failure if not treated immediately. Cardiogenic shock most commonly occurs as a complication of a severe heart attack but can also result from other serious heart conditions. …

Myocardial ischemia is a condition in which blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, usually due to narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. This reduced blood supply limits the amount of oxygen reaching the heart muscle, making it difficult for the heart to function properly. Myocardial ischemia can occur temporarily during physical exertion or stress, or it can …

Cardiac arrest happens when your heart stops beating or beats so fast that it stops pumping blood. During cardiac arrest, people typically collapse and become unresponsive. Symptoms start without warning. This is why people also call it sudden cardiac arrest. This life-threatening condition can become fatal if you don’t get immediate treatment. During cardiac arrest (cardiopulmonary arrest), your heart isn’t pumping blood anymore. …

Carcinoma of unknown primary, often abbreviated as CUP, is a type of cancer in which malignant cells are found in the body, but the original site where the cancer began cannot be identified despite thorough medical evaluation. The cancer is usually discovered after it has spread to one or more parts of the body, such as lymph nodes, liver, lungs, …