Carcinoid syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur in some people with neuroendocrine tumors, most commonly carcinoid tumors that originate in the gastrointestinal tract or lungs. These tumors produce and release hormones and other chemical substances, such as serotonin, into the bloodstream. Carcinoid syndrome usually develops when these substances bypass normal liver breakdown, often due to tumor spread to …

Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide gas builds up in the bloodstream, reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas produced by the incomplete burning of fuels such as gas, wood, coal, or petrol. Exposure can happen in homes, vehicles, or enclosed spaces with poor ventilation. Carbon monoxide …

Oral thrush is a common fungal infection of the mouth caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast, most often Candida albicans. It occurs when the natural balance of microorganisms in the mouth is disrupted, allowing the fungus to multiply. Oral thrush can affect infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems, but it can occur at any age. Symptoms …

Wilms tumor is a rare type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children, most commonly those under the age of five. It develops in one or both kidneys and is also known as nephroblastoma. Wilms tumor is one of the most common childhood kidney cancers and has a high cure rate when detected and treated early. Advances in surgery, chemotherapy, …

Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops on the external female genitalia, particularly the vulva, which includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. Most cases occur in older women, but it can affect women of any age. The disease often begins as abnormal growths or lesions on the vulva and can be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) …

Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the tissues of the vagina, the muscular tube connecting the uterus to the external genitalia. It most commonly affects older adults, particularly after menopause, but it can occur at any age. The most frequent type is squamous cell carcinoma, which develops from the thin, flat cells lining the vaginal …

Thyroid cancer develops in your thyroid, a small, butterfly-shaped gland at the base of your neck. This gland produces hormones that regulate your metabolism (how your body uses energy). Thyroid hormones also help control your body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate. Thyroid cancer, a type of endocrine cancer, is generally highly treatable, with an excellent cure rate. How common is thyroid cancer? Close …

Throat cancer is the general term for cancer that affects one or more parts of your throat. Usually, people who have throat cancer have cancer in their larynx (voice box) or their oropharynx (the middle part of their throat). Healthcare providers typically use surgery to treat throat cancer. The specific surgery depends on the type of throat cancer, location and whether it has spread. …

Testicular cancer forms when malignant (cancer) cells develop in the tissues of one or (less commonly) both testicles. Your testicles are two walnut-shaped sex glands that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. They sit inside a sac of skin that lies below your penis called the scrotum. Like any cancer, testicle cancer is a serious condition. Fortunately, testicular cancer is highly treatable …

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a common type of skin cancer that develops from squamous cells, which make up the middle and outer layers of the skin. It often appears on areas of the body that receive frequent sun exposure, such as the face, ears, neck, scalp, hands, and arms. While it typically grows slowly, squamous cell carcinoma …