Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

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Diagnosis To diagnose patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a healthcare professional performs a physical exam and reviews medical history. A heart murmur may be heard while listening to the heart with a stethoscope. Tests that may be used to diagnose PDA include: • Echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to create images of the beating heart and blood flow, helping to identify …

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

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Diagnosis To diagnose patellofemoral pain, your healthcare provider will review your medical history, ask about previous knee problems, and examine your knee by pressing on it and moving your leg through various positions. Imaging tests may be used to help identify the cause of knee pain, including: • X-rays to view the bones, though they are less effective for soft …

Parotid Tumors

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Diagnosis Tests and procedures used to diagnose a parotid tumor help identify the type of growth and guide your treatment plan. A healthcare professional may begin with a physical exam and then suggest imaging or tissue sampling to understand the nature of the tumor. A physical examA healthcare professional examines the jaw, neck and throat to feel for lumps or …

Parkinson’s Disease

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Diagnosis A diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is based on your medical history, a review of symptoms, and a neurological and physical exam. There is no single test that confirms Parkinson’s disease. A neurologist trained in movement disorders evaluates how symptoms change over time, which may require several follow-up visits before a clear diagnosis is made. Your healthcare team may recommend …

Paraganglioma

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Diagnosis Paraganglioma diagnosis often begins with blood and urine tests that look for signs of excess hormones made by the tumor. These tests can identify elevated catecholamines or proteins such as chromogranin A, which may suggest a paraganglioma. Depending on symptoms and risk factors, additional imaging and genetic tests may be recommended. Blood and urine tests measure hormone levels to …

Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

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Diagnosis To diagnose congenital heart disease in adults, a healthcare professional examines you and listens to your heart with a stethoscope. You are usually asked questions about current symptoms and your medical and family history. Tests Tests are used to check overall heart health and rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms. Common tests to diagnose or confirm …

Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder

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Diagnosis Your primary care provider evaluates whether you are experiencing panic attacks, panic disorder, or another condition such as thyroid or heart issues that can cause similar symptoms. The diagnostic process usually includes a review of your symptoms, overall health, and any factors that may contribute to episodes of panic. To help confirm a diagnosis, you may have: A complete …

Paget’s Disease of the Breast

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Diagnosis To diagnose Paget’s disease of the breast, a healthcare professional often begins with a physical exam and a review of symptoms. Because most people with Paget’s disease of the breast also have cancer within the breast tissue, imaging tests are used to evaluate the breast for signs of cancer. Diagnosis is confirmed by removing a sample of tissue from …

Paget’s Disease of Bone

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Diagnosis During the physical exam your doctor will examine areas of your body that are causing pain. To confirm a diagnosis of Paget’s disease of bone, imaging and laboratory tests are commonly used. Clinical assessment focuses on affected bone sites, pain characteristics, deformity, and any neurologic symptoms that might suggest spinal or skull involvement. Imaging tests X-rays are often the …

Popliteal Artery Entrapment

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Diagnosis Diagnosis of popliteal artery entrapment begins with a physical exam that focuses on circulation in the lower leg. A healthcare professional checks for changes in pulses during specific leg movements, as these changes can suggest compression of the popliteal artery. You may also be asked about symptoms such as leg pain during exercise and whether symptoms improve with rest. …