Dermatographia (Dermatographism)

Dermatographia, also known as dermatographism, is a common form of physical urticaria in which minor scratching or pressure on the skin causes raised, red lines or welts. The term means “skin writing,” as markings appear shortly after the skin is stroked. It is generally harmless and not contagious, though symptoms can be uncomfortable and recurrent.

Symptoms

Symptoms usually appear within minutes of skin stimulation and resolve on their own:

• Raised, linear welts on the skin

• Redness at the site of scratching or pressure

• Itching or burning sensation

• Swelling limited to the affected area

• Temporary skin sensitivity

• Symptoms that worsen with heat, stress, or friction

Causes

The exact cause of dermatographia is often unknown, but it involves an exaggerated skin response:

• Release of histamine from skin mast cells

• Minor skin trauma such as scratching or rubbing

• Immune system hypersensitivity

• Idiopathic causes in many individuals

• Occasional association with infections or medications

Risk Factors

Certain factors may increase the likelihood of developing dermatographia:

• Young adults

• History of allergies or other urticaria

• Stress or emotional triggers

• Dry or sensitive skin

• Recent infections

• Use of certain medications

Complications

Dermatographia is usually mild, but persistent symptoms may cause:

• Chronic itching and discomfort

• Sleep disturbances

• Skin irritation from repeated scratching

• Anxiety related to visible skin reactions

• Reduced quality of life in severe cases

Prevention

Preventive measures focus on minimizing skin irritation and triggers:

• Avoiding excessive scratching or tight clothing

• Using gentle, fragrance-free soaps

• Keeping skin well moisturized

• Managing stress effectively

• Avoiding extreme temperatures

• Seeking medical advice if symptoms are persistent or severe