Overview

Dry skin, also known as xerosis, is a common condition in which the skin lacks adequate moisture, leading to roughness, flaking, and irritation. It can affect people of all ages and may be temporary or chronic. Dry skin often worsens during cold or dry weather and can be influenced by lifestyle habits, environmental exposure, or underlying medical conditions.

Symptoms

Symptoms of dry skin vary in severity and may affect different body areas:

  • Rough or tight-feeling skin

  • Flaking or scaling

  • Itching

  • Redness or irritation

  • Fine lines or cracks

  • Peeling skin

  • Burning or stinging sensation

  • Deep cracks that may bleed in severe cases

Causes

Dry skin develops when the skin barrier loses moisture:

  • Cold or dry weather

  • Frequent bathing or hot showers

  • Use of harsh soaps or detergents

  • Low humidity environments

  • Aging-related reduction in natural skin oils

  • Certain skin conditions

  • Medical conditions affecting hydration or circulation

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing dry skin:

  • Older age

  • Living in cold or dry climates

  • Frequent exposure to water

  • Use of irritating skincare products

  • Certain occupations involving hand washing

  • Underlying skin or systemic conditions

  • Poor hydration

Complications

If not properly managed, dry skin may lead to:

  • Cracks and bleeding

  • Skin infections

  • Eczema flare-ups

  • Persistent itching

  • Skin thickening from repeated scratching

  • Discomfort affecting daily activities

Prevention

Preventive measures focus on protecting the skin barrier and retaining moisture:

  • Using gentle, fragrance-free cleansers

  • Limiting hot showers and bath time

  • Applying moisturizer regularly, especially after bathing

  • Wearing protective clothing in cold weather

  • Using a humidifier indoors

  • Drinking adequate fluids

  • Avoiding excessive skin irritation

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